Grain size dependence of TiZrNbV spallation and impact-energy-release behavior

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Mechanical Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI:10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110164

Kerong Ren , Rong Ma , Zheng Wang , Shuang Qin , Rong Chen , Xiaying Ma , Peiyuan Ma , Shun Li , Zhuocheng Xie , Xiaohu Yao , Fangyun Lu

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Abstract

The grain size of an alloy affects its dynamic performance under impact loading. In this paper, theoretical innovations of the grain size-dependent spall strength model and impact-energy-release model are presented. The spallation in refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) TiZrNbV with fine grains (FG-TiZrNbV) prepared using the suction casting method under high-speed impacts was investigated and compared with that of TiZrNbV with coarse grains (CG-TiZrNbV) to reveal the grain-size dependence of spallation and the impact-energy-release behaviors of TiZrNbV RHEAs. The results showed that the spall strength of the FG-TiZrNbV increased from 1.34 to 1.67 GPa as the tensile strain rate was increased from 0.068 to 0.137 μs⁻¹. The spallation mechanism of the FG-TiZrNbV was dominated by intergranular fracture, with few transgranular cracks, and was accompanied by a loose, porous, cobwebbed fracture with distributed shear bands and nano-grains. This was different from that of the CG-TiZrNbV, where transgranular–intergranular mixed-mode fracture dominated. Compared with the CG-TiZrNbV, the FG-TiZrNbV had lower values of the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman model parameters for micro-void confluence and failure. A theoretical model for the spall strength, grain size, and tensile strain rate for the RHEAs was established, and the effect of the grain size on spall performance was examined. Moreover, an impact reaction model was developed to reveal the influence of the grain size on the impact-energy-release characteristics of TiZrNbV RHEAs; that is, the lower spall strength of the FG-TiZrNbV resulted in a higher impact-energy-release efficiency. The results provide an understanding of the dynamic damage mechanism of the spallation in RHEAs under extreme conditions with high strain rates, as well as providing insight into the performance evaluation and material design of RHEAs for application in energy-release structural materials in the military field.

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来源期刊

International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

12.80

自引率

17.80%

发文量

769

审稿时长

19 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Mechanical Sciences (IJMS) serves as a global platform for the publication and dissemination of original research that contributes to a deeper scientific understanding of the fundamental disciplines within mechanical, civil, and material engineering. The primary focus of IJMS is to showcase innovative and ground-breaking work that utilizes analytical and computational modeling techniques, such as Finite Element Method (FEM), Boundary Element Method (BEM), and mesh-free methods, among others. These modeling methods are applied to diverse fields including rigid-body mechanics (e.g., dynamics, vibration, stability), structural mechanics, metal forming, advanced materials (e.g., metals, composites, cellular, smart) behavior and applications, impact mechanics, strain localization, and other nonlinear effects (e.g., large deflections, plasticity, fracture). Additionally, IJMS covers the realms of fluid mechanics (both external and internal flows), tribology, thermodynamics, and materials processing. These subjects collectively form the core of the journal's content. In summary, IJMS provides a prestigious platform for researchers to present their original contributions, shedding light on analytical and computational modeling methods in various areas of mechanical engineering, as well as exploring the behavior and application of advanced materials, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and materials processing.