{"title":"PSPACE-completeness of k-Atropos","authors":"Chao Yang , Zhujun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dam.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Burke and Teng introduced a two-player combinatorial game Atropos based on Sperner’s lemma, and showed that deciding whether one has a winning strategy for Atropos is <span>PSPACE</span>-complete. In the original Atropos game, the players must color a node adjacent to the last colored node. Burke and Teng also mentioned a variant <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-Atropos in which each move is at most of distance <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span> of the previous move, and asked a question on determining the computational complexity of this variant. In this paper, we answer this question by showing that for any fixed integer <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mspace></mspace><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, the associated decision problem <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-<span>Atropos</span> is <span>PSPACE</span>-complete by reduction from True Quantified Boolean Formula (<span>TQBF</span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50573,"journal":{"name":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","volume":"368 ","pages":"Pages 190-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Discrete Applied Mathematics","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166218X25001349","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATHEMATICS, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Burke and Teng introduced a two-player combinatorial game Atropos based on Sperner’s lemma, and showed that deciding whether one has a winning strategy for Atropos is PSPACE-complete. In the original Atropos game, the players must color a node adjacent to the last colored node. Burke and Teng also mentioned a variant -Atropos in which each move is at most of distance of the previous move, and asked a question on determining the computational complexity of this variant. In this paper, we answer this question by showing that for any fixed integer , the associated decision problem -Atropos is PSPACE-complete by reduction from True Quantified Boolean Formula (TQBF).
期刊介绍:
The aim of Discrete Applied Mathematics is to bring together research papers in different areas of algorithmic and applicable discrete mathematics as well as applications of combinatorial mathematics to informatics and various areas of science and technology. Contributions presented to the journal can be research papers, short notes, surveys, and possibly research problems. The "Communications" section will be devoted to the fastest possible publication of recent research results that are checked and recommended for publication by a member of the Editorial Board. The journal will also publish a limited number of book announcements as well as proceedings of conferences. These proceedings will be fully refereed and adhere to the normal standards of the journal.
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