Green manuring with balanced fertilization improves soil ecosystem multifunctionality by enhancing soil quality and enzyme activities in a smooth vetch-maize rotation system

IF 6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI:10.1016/j.agee.2025.109632

Long Jia , Huijuan Zhang , Jiyu Lu , Yan Liang , Yueda Li , Luyao Xu , Jiale Ye , Ruiyun Yang , Peng Li , Jiaguo Jiao , Xia Wang , Feng Hu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The use of green manure-cereal rotation has been shown to improve soil fertility, reduce land-use intensity, and mitigate adverse environmental effects. However, there have been few studies on the nutrient demands of the green manure itself and the effects of incorporating green manure with fertilizers on the soil quality index (SQI) and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). Therefore, this study analyzed soil parameters after different fertilization strategies in a smooth vetch-maize rotation system (i.e., optimized fertilization) based on the annual nutrient equivalence principle. The effects of five fertilization strategies, namely, fallow (CF), no fertilization (CK), nitrogen fertilizer (NF), phosphorus fertilizer (PF), and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer (NPF) on the SQI, microbial metabolic limitation, and EMF were evaluated to establish the optimal fertilization strategy for achieving sustainable agricultural development. The results showed that NPF increased the SQI in the smooth vetch-maize rotation system by 64.7–86.9 % compared to CF and by 22.0–48.8 % compared to CK. Fertilization alleviated microbial N limitation in the smooth-vetch phase, while the incorporation of green manure mitigated the microbial carbon (C) limitation in the maize phase. In addition, NF, PF, and NPF improved the soil EMF by 141.2–213.0 %, 124.0–226.7 %, and 199.9–247.4 %, respectively, in the smooth vetch-maize rotation system compared to CK. Notably, the improvement in soil EMF in the maize phase by NFP was 2.20–6.16 times that of PF. Random forest analysis showed that soil organic C, SQI, and the activities of enzymes involved in C and P acquisition were the main drivers of soil EMF. In addition, soil biochemical properties indirectly promoted soil EMF by increasing the activities of enzymes associated with C, N, and P acquisition as well as the SQI. In conclusion, these findings provide important guidance for a sustainable practice of reallocating part of the N and P fertilizer from the maize phase to the green manure phase to enhance soil quality and ecosystem multifunctionality in green manure-crop rotation systems.

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平衡施肥的绿色施肥通过提高土壤质量和酶活性改善了土壤生态系统的多功能性

使用绿色肥料-谷物轮作已被证明可以提高土壤肥力，降低土地利用强度，减轻不利的环境影响。然而，关于绿肥本身的养分需求以及绿肥配肥对土壤质量指数（SQI）和生态系统多功能性（EMF）影响的研究很少。因此，本研究基于年养分等效原理，分析了紫花苜蓿-玉米轮作系统中不同施肥策略后的土壤参数（即优化施肥）。通过评价休耕（CF）、不施肥（CK）、氮肥（NF）、磷肥（PF）和氮磷肥（NPF） 5种施肥策略对土壤SQI、微生物代谢限制和EMF的影响，建立实现农业可持续发展的最优施肥策略。结果表明，与对照相比，NPF使平稳轮作系统的SQI提高了64.7 ~ 86.9 %，提高了22.0 ~ 48.8 %。施肥缓解了杨梅期微生物氮限制，绿肥处理缓解了玉米期微生物碳(C)限制。此外，与对照相比，NF、PF和NPF分别提高了土壤EMF 141.2 ~ 213.0 %、124.0 ~ 226.7 %和199.9 ~ 247.4 %。NFP对玉米期土壤EMF的改善效果是PF的2.20 ~ 6.16倍。随机森林分析表明，土壤有机C、SQI和碳磷获取酶活性是土壤EMF的主要驱动因素。此外，土壤生化特性通过增加碳、氮、磷获取相关酶的活性和SQI间接促进土壤EMF。综上所述，这些研究结果为在绿肥-作物轮作系统中将部分氮磷肥料从玉米期重新分配到绿肥期以提高土壤质量和生态系统的多功能性提供了重要的指导。

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来源期刊

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

11.70

自引率

9.10%

发文量

392

审稿时长

26 days

期刊介绍： Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment publishes scientific articles dealing with the interface between agroecosystems and the natural environment, specifically how agriculture influences the environment and how changes in that environment impact agroecosystems. Preference is given to papers from experimental and observational research at the field, system or landscape level, from studies that enhance our understanding of processes using data-based biophysical modelling, and papers that bridge scientific disciplines and integrate knowledge. All papers should be placed in an international or wide comparative context.