A review of building envelope retrofitting methods for improving energy efficiency, aesthetic, and indoor environmental quality

Abstract

Upgrading building envelopes with high-performance materials and technologies is essential in retrofitting efforts to improve energy efficiency, aesthetics, and indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Although there has been a significant increase in such interventions, comprehensive studies on their synergistic effects remain limited. This research conducts a holistic review of building envelope retrofitting techniques, examining their role in enhancing not only energy performance but also the aesthetic value and IEQ of buildings. This research reviewed 391 studies to examine global trends in envelope retrofit techniques over the past decade, with a particular focus on advancements in glazing systems, wall cladding, and solar shading. Findings indicate a surge in interest, with 70 % of studies published in the last five years. The majority of these studies (55 %) concentrate on reducing energy consumption, highlighting a shift towards more energy-efficient buildings. Aesthetic improvements, especially in historical buildings, were a significant concern in 15 % of the studies, while enhancements in IEQ were explored in 11 % of the studies. In addition, wall system retrofits were the most common (47 %), followed by glazing (37 %) and shading (16 %). Tools like Building Information Modeling (BIM), Energy Modeling Software such as EnergyPlus and DesignBuilder, and Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) were frequently employed to optimize retrofit strategies and improve decision-making. Integrated strategies combining multiple retrofit procedures accounted for 13 % of the reviewed studies. The benefits of retrofitting include not only enhanced energy efficiency and aesthetics but also improved indoor environmental quality, which contributes to occupant comfort and health. Future studies should delve into the interaction between retrofit measures and occupant behavior to develop more effective retrofit strategies.