Kinetics and characterization of Gmelina arborea biolubricant via two-step transesterification

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI:10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100240

M. Hadiza , S. Bilal , S.T. Al-Humairi , O. A Olanrewaju , A. Aliyu

{"title":"Kinetics and characterization of Gmelina arborea biolubricant via two-step transesterification","authors":"M. Hadiza , S. Bilal , S.T. Al-Humairi , O. A Olanrewaju , A. Aliyu","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100240","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing focus on environmental sustainability and the transition to renewable resources have driven interest in bio-based lubricants. Nonedible oils, such as those derived from <em>Gmelina arborea</em> seeds, present a viable alternative to conventional petroleum-based biolubricants. This study investigates the production and characterization of biolubricants from <em>Gmelina arborea</em> seed oil using a two-step process. Initially, the oil was transesterified with methanol to produce biodiesel, followed by esterification with trimethylolpropane (TMP) to obtain the final biolubricant. The optimized process yielded a maximum conversion of 91.7 % within 120 minutes, adhering to second-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.001 wt/wt/min and an activation energy of 6.84 kJ/mol. Compositional analysis revealed a predominance of tri-esters (83.65 %) and esters (16.35 %). The oxidative stability of the resulting biolubricant meets the EN 14214 standards, while its viscosity characteristics align with ISO VG32 and VG46, with potential for VG68 after minor modification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949839225000355","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The increasing focus on environmental sustainability and the transition to renewable resources have driven interest in bio-based lubricants. Nonedible oils, such as those derived from Gmelina arborea seeds, present a viable alternative to conventional petroleum-based biolubricants. This study investigates the production and characterization of biolubricants from Gmelina arborea seed oil using a two-step process. Initially, the oil was transesterified with methanol to produce biodiesel, followed by esterification with trimethylolpropane (TMP) to obtain the final biolubricant. The optimized process yielded a maximum conversion of 91.7 % within 120 minutes, adhering to second-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.001 wt/wt/min and an activation energy of 6.84 kJ/mol. Compositional analysis revealed a predominance of tri-esters (83.65 %) and esters (16.35 %). The oxidative stability of the resulting biolubricant meets the EN 14214 standards, while its viscosity characteristics align with ISO VG32 and VG46, with potential for VG68 after minor modification.

查看原文本刊更多论文

两步酯交换反应制备小木香生物润滑剂的动力学与表征

对环境可持续性的日益关注和向可再生资源的过渡推动了人们对生物基润滑油的兴趣。非食用油脂，如从小木犀草种子中提取的油脂，是传统石油基生物润滑剂的可行替代品。本研究采用两步法研究了从小木香籽油中提取生物润滑剂的工艺。首先，油与甲醇酯交换生成生物柴油，然后与三甲基丙烷（TMP）酯化生成最终的生物润滑剂。优化后的工艺在120 min内转化率为91.7 %，符合二级动力学，速率常数为0.001 wt/wt/min，活化能为6.84 kJ/mol。组成分析显示，三酯（83.65 %）和酯（16.35 %）占优势。所得生物润滑剂的氧化稳定性符合EN 14214标准，而其粘度特性符合ISO VG32和VG46，经过少量改性后可能达到VG68。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

CiteScore

0.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量