Intricacies in the electrochemical interface due to the surface structure and surface electronics states and their probing

Abstract

Electrochemical interface is complex, which has led to significant research interest in the field of analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science. The present article provides a brief overview of the surface structure, surface electronic states, and their electrochemical aspects that are having implications in the energy harvesting and storage and also in the development of sensor. Discussions have been extended to the surface states in layer materials, single atom catalysis (SAC), and dual atom catalysis (DAC) along with their brief synthesis protocols. A few important characterization tools, along with examples, are discussed in this short review.