Nucleocapsid-directed antibody testing is unsuitable to estimate hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2, a longitudinal cross-border study in the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion

IF 4 3区 医学 Q2 VIROLOGY
D.A.T. Hanssen , C.J.A. van Bilsen , C.D.J. den Heijer , C. Stabourlos , C.P.B. Moonen , R. de Vries , S. Brinkhues , D. Philipssen , B.A.M. van der Zanden , N.H.T.M. Dukers-Muijrers , C.J.P.A. Hoebe , P.H.M. Savelkoul , I.H.M. van Loo
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction

Understanding immunity from previous natural SARS-CoV-2 infection is important for booster vaccination strategies. A longitudinal study conducted in 2021 within the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion, bordering the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany, aimed to assess seroprevalence of spike-directed (anti-S) and nucleocapsid-directed (anti-N) antibodies to demonstrate immunity as a result of both vaccination and natural infection (hybrid immunity), and to evaluate the dynamics of the anti-N response.

Materials and methods

Questionnaires and self-finger-prick blood samples from 3110 participants were collected at two time points: weeks 22–29 (June–July, round 1) and weeks 40–45 (October–November, round 2) of 2021. Individuals with anti-S antibodies were additionally tested for anti-N antibodies.

Results

In total, 4366 samples tested positive for anti-S; n = 1291 for round 1 and n = 3075 for round 2. Of these, 10.1 % of Dutch (32/316), 3.1 % of Belgian (9/294), and 2.8 % of German participants (13/466) were anti-N positive in round 1 (p < 0.001). In round 2, this was 4.6 % (69/1510), 3.3 % (20/607), and 1.5 % (14/912), respectively (p < 0.001). In 45.1 % (23/51) of anti-N positive participants in round 1, the result reversed to negative in round 2. In 42.1 % (16/38) of anti-N positive participants with a self-reported positive PCR result, anti-N reversed to negative in round 2.

Conclusion

Variations in anti-N seroprevalence across EMR countries may reflect differences in vaccination campaign enrollment. Over 40 % of participants experienced seroreversion of anti-N within six months, indicating anti-N testing is unsuitable for diagnosing past infection or estimating hybrid immunity within a population. However, anti-N testing may be used as a proxy for increased circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in a population.
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来源期刊
Journal of Clinical Virology
Journal of Clinical Virology 医学-病毒学
CiteScore
22.70
自引率
1.10%
发文量
149
审稿时长
24 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Clinical Virology, an esteemed international publication, serves as the official journal for both the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology and The European Society for Clinical Virology. Dedicated to advancing the understanding of human virology in clinical settings, the Journal of Clinical Virology focuses on disseminating research papers and reviews pertaining to the clinical aspects of virology. Its scope encompasses articles discussing diagnostic methodologies and virus-induced clinical conditions, with an emphasis on practicality and relevance to clinical practice. The journal publishes on topics that include: • new diagnostic technologies • nucleic acid amplification and serologic testing • targeted and metagenomic next-generation sequencing • emerging pandemic viral threats • respiratory viruses • transplant viruses • chronic viral infections • cancer-associated viruses • gastrointestinal viruses • central nervous system viruses • one health (excludes animal health)
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