Synergistic effect of Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria and Consortia on the zinc marker enzymes and gaseous exchange parameters in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for zinc biofortification

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109807

Tribhuwan Singh , Munmun Kothari , Sudershan Mishra , Ajay veer Singh , A.K. Verma , Deepti Shankhdhar , S.C. Shankhdhar

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Abstract

This study investigates the impact of Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria (ZSB) and their consortia on key physiological and biochemical in two rice varieties, PD 26 and NDR 359, over two consecutive growing seasons (2022 and 2023). Unlike individual bacterial strains, microbial consortia harness the synergistic interactions between multiple species, leading to enhanced zinc solubilization efficiency and improved plant responses. The application of consortia significantly boosted the activities of zinc-dependent enzymes, including carbonic anhydrase (CA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). It also significantly improved gaseous exchange parameters, including stomatal conductance, internal CO₂ concentration, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate. Maximum CA activity in both the varieties was recorded with Consortium1 (T4) and Consortium2 (T5), resulting in an increase of up to 44.60 % and 29.88 % in PD 26 and NDR 359 respectively. Similarly, SOD activity increased by up to 65.11 % in PD 26 and 39.99 % in NDR 359. ZSB consortia treatments also enhanced stomatal conductance by up to 61.92 %, with a significant increase in internal CO₂ concentration, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate. Additionally, ZSB positively influenced leaf zinc content and grain yield, with the maximum yield observed with Consortium2 (T5). Regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between leaf zinc content and CA, SOD activities as well as with photosynthetic rate (R² = 0.64 to 0.95). Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted the superior performance of consortia treatments in modulating physiological traits, underscoring their potential as sustainable biofortification agents. These findings demonstrate that ZSB consortia outperform individual strains by leveraging multi-strain synergies, leading to enhanced zinc bioavailability and crop productivity.

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来源期刊

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 生物-植物科学

CiteScore

11.10

自引率

3.10%

发文量

410

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Plant Physiology and Biochemistry publishes original theoretical, experimental and technical contributions in the various fields of plant physiology (biochemistry, physiology, structure, genetics, plant-microbe interactions, etc.) at diverse levels of integration (molecular, subcellular, cellular, organ, whole plant, environmental). Opinions expressed in the journal are the sole responsibility of the authors and publication does not imply the editors'' agreement. Manuscripts describing molecular-genetic and/or gene expression data that are not integrated with biochemical analysis and/or actual measurements of plant physiological processes are not suitable for PPB. Also "Omics" studies (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc.) reporting descriptive analysis without an element of functional validation assays, will not be considered. Similarly, applied agronomic or phytochemical studies that generate no new, fundamental insights in plant physiological and/or biochemical processes are not suitable for publication in PPB. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry publishes several types of articles: Reviews, Papers and Short Papers. Articles for Reviews are either invited by the editor or proposed by the authors for the editor''s prior agreement. Reviews should not exceed 40 typewritten pages and Short Papers no more than approximately 8 typewritten pages. The fundamental character of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry remains that of a journal for original results.