Factors influencing the usage of shared micromobility: Implications from Berlin

Maximilian Heumann , Tobias Kraschewski , Philipp Otto , Lukas Tilch , Tim Brauner , Michael H. Breitner
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Abstract

The popularity of urban micromobility has steadily grown in cities worldwide. There is a lack of comparative studies investigating factors influencing the travel behavior of shared micromobility in Europe. From this, we investigate shared bicycle, e-scooter, and e-moped usage in Berlin based on trip data from September 2019 to March 2022. We incorporate a comprehensive set of spatial, temporal, weather-, fleet size-, and COVID-19-lockdown-related factors. To account for significant over-dispersion in our hourly resolved panel dataset for 542 traffic analysis zones, we employ a functional spatiotemporal regression model to estimate variables of trip counts for the three micromobility modes. Our descriptive results reveal spatiotemporal characteristics of shared bicycle, e-scooter, and e-moped usage and significant growth of operating fleet sizes in Berlin in recent years. We provide evidence that fleet expansion does not lead to a proportional increase in trips, implying competitive effects among operators limit potential growth. As urban space is scarce and regulations on fleet sizes are lacking, urban planners and service providers use these findings and complementary studies to plan fleets and their allocation optimally. Impacts associated with land use vary between modes and allow for demand-based planning. Precipitation is the most impactful factor among the weather variables and shows a pronounced adverse effect on all three modes. COVID-19-lockdown phases had no significant effect on e-mopeds. While bicycles were moderately affected, e-scooter trips decreased significantly. The findings can help policymakers and micromobility operators further optimize sharing mobility services and facilitate evidence-based strategies for the spatial and temporal design of micromobility.
影响共享微流动性使用的因素:来自柏林的启示
城市微型交通的普及在世界各地的城市中稳步增长。在欧洲,缺乏对影响共享微交通出行行为因素的比较研究。基于此,我们根据2019年9月至2022年3月的出行数据,调查了柏林共享自行车、电动滑板车和电动轻便摩托车的使用情况。我们综合考虑了空间、时间、天气、机队规模和covid -19封锁相关因素。为了解释542个交通分析区每小时分辨率面板数据集中显著的过度分散,我们采用功能时空回归模型来估计三种微交通模式的出行次数变量。我们的描述性结果揭示了近年来柏林共享自行车、电动滑板车和电动轻便摩托车使用的时空特征以及运营车队规模的显着增长。我们提供的证据表明,机队扩张不会导致旅行次数成比例增加,这意味着运营商之间的竞争影响限制了潜在的增长。由于城市空间稀缺,缺乏对车队规模的监管,城市规划者和服务提供商利用这些发现和补充研究来规划车队及其最佳分配。与土地使用相关的影响因模式而异,并允许基于需求的规划。降水是天气变量中影响最大的因子,对三种模态均有显著的不利影响。新冠肺炎疫情的封锁阶段对电动助力车没有显著影响。虽然自行车受到的影响不大,但电动滑板车的出行次数明显减少。研究结果可以帮助决策者和微出行运营商进一步优化共享出行服务,并为微出行的时空设计提供循证策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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