Removal of diclofenac from different pharmaceutical matrices using non-thermal plasma technology: ecotoxicity studies, cost-benefit analysis, and current market scenario

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI:10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107477

Karina Lenard , Yash Chawla , Magda Caban , Dominik Terefinko , Agata Motyka-Pomagruk , Pawel Pohl , Piotr Cyganowski , Piotr Jamroz , Anna Dzimitrowicz

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Diclofenac (DCF) enters aquatic ecosystems and negatively affects wildlife. To tackle with this environmental issue, it is required to develop novel methods for removal of DCF from wastewaters. Here, continuous reaction discharge system with non-thermal plasma (NTP), employing flowing liquid cathode (FLC) direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD), was adopted for this purpose. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in which NTP has been applied for removal of DCF from gel or capsule matrices to mimic the impact of diverse sources of contamination in addition to contribution of the presence of diverse excipients. By using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) 96–98 % removal efficiencies were determined for 50–200 mg L⁻¹ DCF solutions prepared from gel in comparison to 90–94 % in terms of the 25–100 mg L⁻¹ DCF based on capsules matrix. Also, changing of the selected parameters of the DCF solutions following NTP treatment was shown. It was found that H₂O₂ and NO₂⁻ were involved in the DCF removal process. Additionally, it was noted that DCF solutions subjected to NTP treatment exhibit no negative impact on seed germination and early growth of Lepidium sativum model plants. Furthermore, we did a cost-benefit analysis and suggested the current market scene by comparing our NTP-based removal method to the commonly applied approaches. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that besides the high operation costs of the FLC-dc-APGD system, it could be implemented into the market.

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来源期刊

Journal of water process engineering Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

8.60%

发文量

846

审稿时长

24 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Water Process Engineering aims to publish refereed, high-quality research papers with significant novelty and impact in all areas of the engineering of water and wastewater processing . Papers on advanced and novel treatment processes and technologies are particularly welcome. The Journal considers papers in areas such as nanotechnology and biotechnology applications in water, novel oxidation and separation processes, membrane processes (except those for desalination) , catalytic processes for the removal of water contaminants, sustainable processes, water reuse and recycling, water use and wastewater minimization, integrated/hybrid technology, process modeling of water treatment and novel treatment processes. Submissions on the subject of adsorbents, including standard measurements of adsorption kinetics and equilibrium will only be considered if there is a genuine case for novelty and contribution, for example highly novel, sustainable adsorbents and their use: papers on activated carbon-type materials derived from natural matter, or surfactant-modified clays and related minerals, would not fulfil this criterion. The Journal particularly welcomes contributions involving environmentally, economically and socially sustainable technology for water treatment, including those which are energy-efficient, with minimal or no chemical consumption, and capable of water recycling and reuse that minimizes the direct disposal of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Papers that describe novel ideas for solving issues related to water quality and availability are also welcome, as are those that show the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. The Journal will consider papers dealing with processes for various water matrices including drinking water (except desalination), domestic, urban and industrial wastewaters, in addition to their residues. It is expected that the journal will be of particular relevance to chemical and process engineers working in the field. The Journal welcomes Full Text papers, Short Communications, State-of-the-Art Reviews and Letters to Editors and Case Studies