Study on effect of electroporation combining high- and low-frequency harmonics

IF 4.8 2区化学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Bioelectrochemistry Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI:10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.108971

Borja López-Alonso , Tamara Polajžer , Matej Reberšek , Héctor Sarnago , Óscar Lucía , Damijan Miklavčič

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The effects of electroporation are highly influenced by the shape of the applied waveform. This waveform shape can modify the transmitted energy and current flow patterns, impacting the electric field distribution, temperature rise among others. These interactions, along with their synergies with electroporation, are being explored across various industrial and research domains. For instance, in the biomedical field, high-frequency waveforms such as nanosecond pulses offer distinct advantages, while in the food industry, controlled temperature increases combined with electroporation are beneficial. However, in the medical field, the effects of combining high-frequency waveforms (in the MHz range) with low-frequency waveforms (in the kHz range commonly used in clinical electroporation) have not been thoroughly studied, though hypotheses have been proposed regarding their potential effects.

In this paper, proof of concept of the effect of the combination of two harmonics is presented using three different strategies to investigate new electroporation protocols. To support this study, a specialized electrical and thermal test bench was developed to control and evaluate the feasibility and potential of possible synergy between high- and low-frequency waveforms to electroporation using an in vitro model.

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高、低频谐波复合电穿孔效应的研究

电穿孔的效果很大程度上受所施加波形形状的影响。这种波形形状可以改变传输的能量和电流的流动模式，影响电场分布、温升等。这些相互作用，以及它们与电穿孔的协同作用，正在各个工业和研究领域进行探索。例如，在生物医学领域，像纳秒脉冲这样的高频波形提供了明显的优势，而在食品工业中，控制温度的升高结合电穿孔是有益的。然而，在医学领域，结合高频波形（在兆赫范围内）和低频波形（在临床电穿孔常用的千赫范围内）的影响尚未得到彻底研究，尽管已经提出了关于其潜在影响的假设。本文采用三种不同的策略来研究新的电穿孔协议，证明了两个谐波组合效应的概念。为了支持这项研究，我们开发了一个专门的电和热测试台，通过体外模型来控制和评估高频和低频波形与电穿孔之间可能协同作用的可行性和潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Bioelectrochemistry 生物-电化学

CiteScore

9.10

自引率

6.00%

发文量

238

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： An International Journal Devoted to Electrochemical Aspects of Biology and Biological Aspects of Electrochemistry Bioelectrochemistry is an international journal devoted to electrochemical principles in biology and biological aspects of electrochemistry. It publishes experimental and theoretical papers dealing with the electrochemical aspects of: • Electrified interfaces (electric double layers, adsorption, electron transfer, protein electrochemistry, basic principles of biosensors, biosensor interfaces and bio-nanosensor design and construction. • Electric and magnetic field effects (field-dependent processes, field interactions with molecules, intramolecular field effects, sensory systems for electric and magnetic fields, molecular and cellular mechanisms) • Bioenergetics and signal transduction (energy conversion, photosynthetic and visual membranes) • Biomembranes and model membranes (thermodynamics and mechanics, membrane transport, electroporation, fusion and insertion) • Electrochemical applications in medicine and biotechnology (drug delivery and gene transfer to cells and tissues, iontophoresis, skin electroporation, injury and repair). • Organization and use of arrays in-vitro and in-vivo, including as part of feedback control. • Electrochemical interrogation of biofilms as generated by microorganisms and tissue reaction associated with medical implants.