Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study of Quadratic-Linear Correlations Between Cephalometric Measurements and Profile Esthetics in Adult Orthodontic Patients

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

International dental journal Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI:10.1016/j.identj.2025.02.015

Visessan Pornsirianand , Janeta Chavanavesh , Pimsiri Kanpittaya , Anupap Somboonsavatdee

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction and aims

Modern orthodontics prioritises the soft tissue paradigm as the main treatment goal. This study used quadratic and/or linear regression to identify cephalometric variables related to profile attractiveness, expanding on previous bivariate analyses.

Methods

This retrospective cross-sectional study comprised 180 post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 18 to 37 year-old orthodontic patients, equally distributed among 3 profile types (concave, straight, and convex), each comprising 60 cases with balanced sex representation. Profile silhouette attractiveness score (dependent variable) was rated by 30 orthodontists and 30 laypeople using a 5-point Likert scale. Cephalometric parameters (105 independent variables) were analyzed using Dolphin and ImageJ software. Factor analysis identified closely related variables, and 41 selected cephalometric variables were used in correlation and multiple regression analyses to explore their relationships with attractiveness scores separately for orthodontists and laypeople using the R programming language.

Results

Quadratic correlations were stronger than linear in both groups' perspectives. For laypeople, throat length (linear), facial contour angle, interlip angle, mentolabial angle, and lip-chin-throat angle (quadratic) significantly correlated with attractiveness scores. For orthodontists, nasolabial angle and throat length (linear), upper lip position to facial plane, mentolabial angle, and lip-chin-throat angle (quadratic) significantly correlated with attractiveness scores. Combined quadratic-linear regression models yielded adjusted R² = 0.5628 for laypeople and adjusted R² = 0.5241 for orthodontists.

Conclusion

Soft tissue cephalometric variables, including throat length, mentolabial angle, and lip-chin-throat angle, should be the key treatment goals for esthetic facial profiles. Facial contour and interlip angles are also important to laypeople.

Clinical Relevance

Orthodontists should focus on modifying the soft tissue cephalometric variables of the lower face area to improve the patient esthetics.

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来源期刊

International dental journal 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

6.10%

发文量

159

审稿时长

63 days

期刊介绍： The International Dental Journal features peer-reviewed, scientific articles relevant to international oral health issues, as well as practical, informative articles aimed at clinicians.