Pyrotechnic impact of Diwali 2023 on black carbon and aerosol levels in Taj City, India: Relative endangerments and meteorological influences

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI:10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102386

Vaishnav Bartaria , Ashok Jangid , Ranjit Kumar

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Black carbon (BC) is a potent climate forcer that has severe effects on air quality and human health. This study investigates black carbon dynamics during Diwali 2023 in Agra, a city in the heavily polluted Indo-Gangetic Basin. Using an integrated approach that includes AE-33 Aethalometer, Air Q+ model, HYSPLIT back trajectory models, and FESEM-EDX analysis, the study monitors BC concentrations, health risks, pollution sources, and morphological and elemental changes. During Diwali, BC levels surged from 15.6 to 31.7 μg m⁻³, with PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM_1.0 concentrations peaking at 496, 461, and 341 μg m⁻³, respectively, due to fireworks and vehicular emissions. Elemental analysis highlighted increased magnesium, potassium, barium, and sulfur levels, linked to pyrotechnics and combustion processes. One-way ANOVA revealed wind speed and direction significantly affect BC dispersion. Post-Diwali aerosol particles showed crystalline formations linked to sulfuric acid and sulfate aerosols. Health implications are severe, with 84.22 % of effects attributed to BC and an Attributable Relative Risk (ARR) of 819.97. The study calls for stricter regulations on firework use, addressing transboundary pollution, and enhanced public awareness to mitigate BC's harmful health and environmental impacts during Diwali.

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来源期刊

Urban Climate Social Sciences-Urban Studies

CiteScore

9.70

自引率

9.40%

发文量

286

期刊介绍： Urban Climate serves the scientific and decision making communities with the publication of research on theory, science and applications relevant to understanding urban climatic conditions and change in relation to their geography and to demographic, socioeconomic, institutional, technological and environmental dynamics and global change. Targeted towards both disciplinary and interdisciplinary audiences, this journal publishes original research papers, comprehensive review articles, book reviews, and short communications on topics including, but not limited to, the following: Urban meteorology and climate[...] Urban environmental pollution[...] Adaptation to global change[...] Urban economic and social issues[...] Research Approaches[...]