Pyrotechnic impact of Diwali 2023 on black carbon and aerosol levels in Taj City, India: Relative endangerments and meteorological influences

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI:10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102386

Vaishnav Bartaria , Ashok Jangid , Ranjit Kumar

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Abstract

Black carbon (BC) is a potent climate forcer that has severe effects on air quality and human health. This study investigates black carbon dynamics during Diwali 2023 in Agra, a city in the heavily polluted Indo-Gangetic Basin. Using an integrated approach that includes AE-33 Aethalometer, Air Q+ model, HYSPLIT back trajectory models, and FESEM-EDX analysis, the study monitors BC concentrations, health risks, pollution sources, and morphological and elemental changes. During Diwali, BC levels surged from 15.6 to 31.7 μg m⁻³, with PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM_1.0 concentrations peaking at 496, 461, and 341 μg m⁻³, respectively, due to fireworks and vehicular emissions. Elemental analysis highlighted increased magnesium, potassium, barium, and sulfur levels, linked to pyrotechnics and combustion processes. One-way ANOVA revealed wind speed and direction significantly affect BC dispersion. Post-Diwali aerosol particles showed crystalline formations linked to sulfuric acid and sulfate aerosols. Health implications are severe, with 84.22 % of effects attributed to BC and an Attributable Relative Risk (ARR) of 819.97. The study calls for stricter regulations on firework use, addressing transboundary pollution, and enhanced public awareness to mitigate BC's harmful health and environmental impacts during Diwali.

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2023年排灯节对印度泰姬城黑碳和气溶胶水平的烟火影响：相对危害和气象影响

黑碳（BC）是一种强有力的气候因子，对空气质量和人类健康有严重影响。这项研究调查了2023年排灯节期间在污染严重的印度恒河盆地城市阿格拉的黑碳动态。该研究采用综合方法，包括AE-33浓度计、Air Q+模型、HYSPLIT反轨迹模型和FESEM-EDX分析，监测BC浓度、健康风险、污染源以及形态和元素变化。排灯节期间，由于烟花和车辆排放，BC浓度从15.6飙升至31.7 μ m - 3, PM10、PM2.5和PM1.0浓度分别达到496、461和341 μ m - 3的峰值。元素分析显示，与烟火和燃烧过程有关的镁、钾、钡和硫含量增加。单因素方差分析显示，风速和风向对BC弥散有显著影响。排灯节后的气溶胶颗粒显示出与硫酸和硫酸盐气溶胶有关的晶体结构。健康影响严重，84.22%的影响归因于BC，归因相对风险（ARR）为819.97。该研究呼吁对烟花的使用制定更严格的法规，解决跨界污染问题，并提高公众意识，以减轻排灯节期间不列颠哥伦比亚省对健康和环境的有害影响。

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来源期刊

Urban Climate Social Sciences-Urban Studies

CiteScore

9.70

自引率

9.40%

发文量

286

期刊介绍： Urban Climate serves the scientific and decision making communities with the publication of research on theory, science and applications relevant to understanding urban climatic conditions and change in relation to their geography and to demographic, socioeconomic, institutional, technological and environmental dynamics and global change. Targeted towards both disciplinary and interdisciplinary audiences, this journal publishes original research papers, comprehensive review articles, book reviews, and short communications on topics including, but not limited to, the following: Urban meteorology and climate[...] Urban environmental pollution[...] Adaptation to global change[...] Urban economic and social issues[...] Research Approaches[...]