Ultralow Photon Flux OWC Links Using UV-C Single-Photon Detection

IF 9.8 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Laser & Photonics Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI:10.1002/lpor.202401804

Feng Liu, James Farmer, Grahame Faulkner, Jonathan J. D. McKendry, Enyuan Xie, Qianfang Zheng, Zhaoming Wang, Jianming Wang, Jordan Hill, Johannes Herrnsdorf, Martin D. Dawson, Dominic O'Brien

{"title":"Ultralow Photon Flux OWC Links Using UV-C Single-Photon Detection","authors":"Feng Liu, James Farmer, Grahame Faulkner, Jonathan J. D. McKendry, Enyuan Xie, Qianfang Zheng, Zhaoming Wang, Jianming Wang, Jordan Hill, Johannes Herrnsdorf, Martin D. Dawson, Dominic O'Brien","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202401804","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Low photon flux optical wireless communication (OWC) links are difficult to operate under normal daylight conditions as the interference from daylight will overwhelm any signal. However, in the UV-C region of the spectrum, light from the sun is highly attenuated, offering the possibility of link operation. In this paper, ultralow photon flux OWC links using a UV-C micro-LED and a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) based UV-C single-photon detector (SPD) are reported. A 1 megabaud per second (MB s−1) symbol rate 128-pulse-position modulation (128-PPM) link is demonstrated with 7.7 transmitted photons per bit, corresponding to 0.97 detected photon per bit. A maximum bit rate of 120 Mbit s−1 is achieved in 8-PPM links with a transmitted power of 1.7 nW. In addition, a 500 MHz single-photon link is established with a bit error rate (BER) of <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"65\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/lpor202401804-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"0,6\" data-semantic-content=\"1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"4.32 times 10 Superscript negative 2\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"float\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,×\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" rspace=\"4\" space=\"4\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-msup data-semantic-children=\"2,5\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"superscript\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: 0.393em;\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-children=\"4\" data-semantic-content=\"3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"negative\" data-semantic-type=\"prefixop\" size=\"s\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"prefixop,−\" data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"subtraction\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" rspace=\"1\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-script></mjx-msup></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:18638880:media:lpor202401804:lpor202401804-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/lpor202401804-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-children=\"0,6\" data-semantic-content=\"1\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"4.32 times 10 Superscript negative 2\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mn data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"float\" data-semantic-type=\"number\">4.32</mn><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,×\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\">×</mo><msup data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-children=\"2,5\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"superscript\"><mn data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\">10</mn><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-children=\"4\" data-semantic-content=\"3\" data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"negative\" data-semantic-type=\"prefixop\"><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-operator=\"prefixop,−\" data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"subtraction\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\">−</mo><mn data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\">2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow>$4.32 \\times {{10}^{ - 2}}$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> and a measured bit rate of 2.12 Mbit s−1, showing the potential for a quantum key distribution (QKD) system operating at the UV-C region.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401804","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"OPTICS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Low photon flux optical wireless communication (OWC) links are difficult to operate under normal daylight conditions as the interference from daylight will overwhelm any signal. However, in the UV-C region of the spectrum, light from the sun is highly attenuated, offering the possibility of link operation. In this paper, ultralow photon flux OWC links using a UV-C micro-LED and a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) based UV-C single-photon detector (SPD) are reported. A 1 megabaud per second (MB s⁻¹) symbol rate 128-pulse-position modulation (128-PPM) link is demonstrated with 7.7 transmitted photons per bit, corresponding to 0.97 detected photon per bit. A maximum bit rate of 120 Mbit s⁻¹ is achieved in 8-PPM links with a transmitted power of 1.7 nW. In addition, a 500 MHz single-photon link is established with a bit error rate (BER) of

4.32 \times 10^{- 2} $4.32 \times {{10}^{ - 2}}$

and a measured bit rate of 2.12 Mbit s⁻¹, showing the potential for a quantum key distribution (QKD) system operating at the UV-C region.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Laser & Photonics Reviews 物理-光学

CiteScore

14.20

自引率

5.50%

发文量

314

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Laser & Photonics Reviews is a reputable journal that publishes high-quality Reviews, original Research Articles, and Perspectives in the field of photonics and optics. It covers both theoretical and experimental aspects, including recent groundbreaking research, specific advancements, and innovative applications. As evidence of its impact and recognition, Laser & Photonics Reviews boasts a remarkable 2022 Impact Factor of 11.0, according to the Journal Citation Reports from Clarivate Analytics (2023). Moreover, it holds impressive rankings in the InCites Journal Citation Reports: in 2021, it was ranked 6th out of 101 in the field of Optics, 15th out of 161 in Applied Physics, and 12th out of 69 in Condensed Matter Physics. The journal uses the ISSN numbers 1863-8880 for print and 1863-8899 for online publications.