Strategic control finely tunes working memory performance without the benefit of selection history.

IF 3.2 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Susan M Ravizza
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

People can predict the probability of an event occurring and allocate mental resources accordingly. For example, the likelihood of recalling an item from working memory varies as a function of the importance of recalling that item. Strategic control is thought to finely tune working memory performance using probabilistic information, but a possible contribution of automatic processes based on selection history has not been investigated. To determine if graded working memory performance is due to strategic control or selection history, probabilistic information was either blocked (Experiment 1) or changed from trial to trial (Experiment 2). A spatial cue indicated the likelihood (i.e., 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%) that one of two colors would have to be recalled. Attention was directed externally by a pre-cue presented before the memory array or internally by a retro-cue after the memory array. As in previous studies, cue effects increased linearly with greater predictability of the cue in the blocked conditions of Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, this finding was replicated despite a lower contribution from selection history when probability changed from trial to trial. In both experiments, cue effects were similar for the pre-cue and retro-cue conditions. Taken together, these results demonstrate that probability effects on WM performance are due to finely tuned strategic control without a strong contribution from selection history.

人们可以预测事件发生的概率,并据此分配心理资源。例如,从工作记忆中回忆某个项目的可能性会随着回忆该项目重要性的变化而变化。人们认为,策略控制可以利用概率信息对工作记忆的表现进行微调,但基于选择历史的自动过程可能做出的贡献尚未得到研究。为了确定分级工作记忆的表现是由策略控制还是选择历史造成的,我们对概率信息进行了阻断(实验 1)或从试验到试验的改变(实验 2)。一个空间提示显示了两种颜色中必须回忆起一种颜色的可能性(即 50%、60%、70%、80%)。注意力由记忆阵列前的前置提示或记忆阵列后的后置提示进行外部引导。与之前的研究一样,在实验 1 的阻断条件下,随着线索可预测性的提高,线索效应呈线性增长。在实验 2 中,尽管当概率从一次试验到另一次试验发生变化时,选择历史的贡献较低,但这一发现仍然得到了复制。在这两个实验中,前提示和后提示条件下的提示效应相似。综上所述,这些结果表明,概率对 WM 表现的影响是由精细调整的策略控制造成的,而不是由选择历史造成的。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
2.90%
发文量
165
期刊介绍: The journal provides coverage spanning a broad spectrum of topics in all areas of experimental psychology. The journal is primarily dedicated to the publication of theory and review articles and brief reports of outstanding experimental work. Areas of coverage include cognitive psychology broadly construed, including but not limited to action, perception, & attention, language, learning & memory, reasoning & decision making, and social cognition. We welcome submissions that approach these issues from a variety of perspectives such as behavioral measurements, comparative psychology, development, evolutionary psychology, genetics, neuroscience, and quantitative/computational modeling. We particularly encourage integrative research that crosses traditional content and methodological boundaries.
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