Perspectives on the Ketogenic Diet as a Non-pharmacological Intervention For Major Depressive Disorder.

IF 2.1 Q3 PSYCHIATRY
Jade Shelp, Cristiano Chaves, Alexander Terpstra, Elena Koning, Fabiano A Gomes, Jennifer Fabe, Vitor Breda, Nicole Laurent, Christopher Palmer, Elisa Brietzke
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Abstract

Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mood disorder characterized by persistent low mood and anhedonia, significantly impacting cognitive function and daily living. Despite available pharmacological treatments, nearly one-third of individuals with MDD do not achieve adequate symptom relief with conventional treatments. The ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that induces ketosis, has emerged as a potential non-pharmacological intervention for MDD.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive perspective on the current knowledge and gaps regarding the potential antidepressant effect of the KD, emphasizing its safety, efficacy, and mechanistic pathways.

Methods: This narrative review synthesizes data from preclinical and clinical studies on the effects of KD on mood, cognitive function, and its potential as an antidepressant. Mechanistic insights from animal and human studies are explored to elucidate possible pathways through which KD may exert its effects on MDD.

Results: Evidence from animal models suggests that KD may reduce depressive-like behaviors and improve cognitive function. Preliminary human studies, including case reports and observational studies, indicate potential benefits such as mood stabilization, increased energy, and reduced depression severity. Proposed mechanisms include immune-inflammatory regulation, correction of mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurotransmitter modulation. However, key gaps remain, particularly regarding the therapeutic window, long-term efficacy, and specific mechanisms of action in MDD.

Conclusion: KD represents a promising avenue for further investigation as a non-pharmacological treatment of MDD. Further research is needed to establish its clinical utility, identify predictors of response, and assess its feasibility as a treatment option for MDD.

生酮饮食作为重度抑郁症非药物干预措施的前景。
背景:重度抑郁障碍(MDD)是一种普遍存在的情绪障碍,其特征是持续的情绪低落和失神,严重影响认知功能和日常生活。尽管有药物治疗方法,但近三分之一的重度抑郁症患者在接受常规治疗后症状并没有得到充分缓解。生酮饮食(KD)是一种诱导酮病的高脂肪、低碳水化合物饮食,已成为治疗 MDD 的潜在非药物干预方法:目的:从一个全面的视角,介绍有关 KD 潜在抗抑郁作用的现有知识和差距,强调其安全性、有效性和机理途径:这篇叙述性综述综合了临床前研究和临床研究中有关 KD 对情绪、认知功能的影响及其作为抗抑郁药的潜力的数据。研究还探讨了动物和人体研究的机制,以阐明KD对MDD产生影响的可能途径:结果:来自动物模型的证据表明,KD 可减少抑郁样行为并改善认知功能。初步的人体研究(包括病例报告和观察性研究)表明,KD 有潜在的益处,如稳定情绪、增加能量和减轻抑郁的严重程度。提出的机制包括免疫炎症调节、线粒体功能障碍矫正和神经递质调节。然而,关键的差距依然存在,尤其是在治疗窗口期、长期疗效以及对 MDD 的具体作用机制方面:结论:作为一种非药物治疗 MDD 的方法,KD 是一个值得进一步研究的前景广阔的途径。需要开展进一步研究,以确定其临床效用,识别反应预测因素,并评估其作为 MDD 治疗选择的可行性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
32
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: Information not localized
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