Is there a place for psychedelics in sports practice?

Abstract

Growing evidence suggests that psychedelic-assisted therapies can alleviate depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and substance use disorder, offering relatively safe profiles, enhanced efficacy, and lasting effects after a few applications. Athletes often experience high levels of stress and pressure, making them susceptible to these psychiatric conditions. However, the effects of psychedelic substances on athletic performance remain largely unknown. Before potential acceptance, evaluating their impact on physical and physiological measures beyond mental health outcomes is crucial. Here, we aim to explore this topic and highlight research directions to advance our understanding. Preclinical studies suggest that psilocybin/psilocin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and ayahuasca possess anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties. Studies investigating the effects of classical psychedelics or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on factors such as muscle strength, motor coordination, locomotion, endurance, fluid and electrolyte balance, hormonal regulation, and metabolism are still scarce. While adhering to regulatory frameworks, further research in animal models, athletes, and non-athletes is needed to address these gaps, compare psychedelics with commonly used psychoactive drugs, and explore the potential prophylactic and regenerative benefits of specific interventions.