The impact of parental general anxiety disorder on parenting practices among Libyan parents: cross-sectional study.

Basma Diaeddin Abuhadra, Rima Abohadra, Nobutoshi Nawa, Takeo Fujiwara
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Abstract

Background: Anxiety disorders is one of the most prevalent mental diseases globally, with cases rising by over 55% from 1990 to 2019. Recent research suggests anxiety can be contagious and may affect daily routines and parenting practices. In North African and Middle Eastern countries, where people face unique challenges such as natural disasters, war, and economic instability, the impact of anxiety on parenting is not well studied. This study aims to explore how general anxiety disorder (GAD) affects parenting styles and to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of GAD among Libyan parents, which are comparable to parents in the MENA region.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in Libya, a MENA country, the sample included 233 parents aged 18-73 years who were assessed for anxiety and their parenting style by answering a self-administered online survey during the study period (1st May-18th October 2023), using (GAD-7) & (APQ) validated tools.

Results: A total of 233 responses were analyzed. It was identified that anxious parents, in contrast to non-anxious parents adopted more poor supervision [ β 0.62, 95% CI (0.06-1.19)], corporal punishment [ β 0.86, 95% CI (0.18-1.55)] and less parental involvement practices [ β -0.8, 95% CI (-1.43 to -0.17)] after adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, employment, family income, experiencing miscarriage, the number and sex of their children, and having a child with special needs. Additionally, the prevalence of GAD among Libyan parents was (48.93%). Sex [AOR 3.84, 95% CI (1.57-9.39)], family income [AOR 2.05, 95% CI (1.09-3.84)], and the number of children [AOR 3.23, CI (1.09-9.57)] were all significant predictors for anxiety.

Conclusion: This study highlights the significant impact of parental GAD on parenting, showing trends like increased corporal punishment, poor supervision, and reduced involvement. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to support anxious parents. Addressing parental mental health can improve family dynamics and break negative intergenerational cycles. Stakeholders and policymakers should prioritize mental health resources to foster positive parenting and mitigate the long-term effects of anxiety on children's development.

父母普遍焦虑症对利比亚父母养育子女方式的影响:横断面研究。
背景:焦虑症是全球最普遍的精神疾病之一,从1990年到2019年,焦虑症病例增加了55%以上。最近的研究表明,焦虑可能会传染,并可能影响日常生活和育儿实践。在北非和中东国家,人们面临着独特的挑战,如自然灾害、战争和经济不稳定,焦虑对养育子女的影响没有得到很好的研究。本研究旨在探讨广泛性焦虑症(GAD)如何影响养育方式,并估计利比亚父母中广泛性焦虑症的患病率和危险因素,这些父母与中东和北非地区的父母相当。方法:在中东和北非国家利比亚进行横断面研究,样本包括233名年龄在18-73岁之间的父母,他们在研究期间(2023年5月1日至10月18日)使用(GAD-7)和(APQ)验证工具通过回答自我管理的在线调查来评估焦虑和他们的育儿方式。结果:共分析了233份问卷。在调整了年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育程度、就业、家庭收入、流产经历、子女数量和性别以及是否有特殊需要的子女等因素后,与非焦虑父母相比,焦虑父母采取了更多的不良监管[β 0.62, 95% CI(0.06-1.19)]、体罚[β 0.86, 95% CI(0.18-1.55)]和较少的父母干预行为[β -0.8, 95% CI(-1.43至-0.17)]。此外,利比亚父母GAD患病率为(48.93%)。性别[AOR 3.84, 95% CI(1.57-9.39)]、家庭收入[AOR 2.05, 95% CI(1.09-3.84)]和子女数量[AOR 3.23, CI(1.09-9.57)]都是焦虑的显著预测因素。结论:本研究强调了父母广泛性焦虑症对养育子女的重大影响,表现出体罚增加、监管不力和参与度降低的趋势。这些发现强调需要有针对性的干预措施来支持焦虑的父母。解决父母的心理健康问题可以改善家庭动态,打破消极的代际循环。利益相关者和决策者应优先考虑心理健康资源,以促进积极的养育方式,减轻焦虑对儿童发展的长期影响。
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