{"title":"Impact of pre-existing immunity on humoral and cellular responses to CoronaVac in SARS-CoV-2 variants: A focus on common human Coronaviruses.","authors":"Nawamin Pinpathomrat, Bunya Seeyankem, Ratchanon Sophonmanee, Jomkwan Ongarj, Smonrapat Surasombatpattana","doi":"10.12932/AP-201124-1979","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has highlighted the importance of understanding immune responses elicited by vaccines.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated antibody and T cell responses to the inactivated CoronaVac vaccine, as well as the role of pre-existing immunity to common human coronaviruses (HCoVs) in shaping vaccine-induced immunity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 64 participants (17 males and 47 females) and measured IgG levels against HCoVs before and after vaccination. T cell responses were analysed by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with wild-type, Delta, and Omicron spike peptides.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found pre-existing antibodies against HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43 were present before vaccination. Notably, a positive correlation was observed between pre-existing antibodies to HCoV-229E and HCoV-HKU1 and anti-RBD IgG levels post-vaccination. Pre-existing CD4+ T cell responses were observed for the wild-type strain before vaccination, with a significant reduction in IFN-γ secretion after Delta re-stimulation and partial restoration after Omicron re-stimulation. IL-4 production by CD4+ T cells was significantly reduced upon re-stimulation with Delta and Omicron compared to wild-type. CD8+ T cells again showed a reduction of IL-4 production after Delta re-stimulation compared to the original strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work demonstrate that CoronaVac induces robust humoral and cellular immune responses, though variant-specific responses vary. Pre-existing immunity to certain HCoVs may influence vaccine-induced antibody responses, underscoring the importance of monitoring immunity to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and informing future vaccine design.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.12932/AP-201124-1979","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ALLERGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has highlighted the importance of understanding immune responses elicited by vaccines.
Objective: This study evaluated antibody and T cell responses to the inactivated CoronaVac vaccine, as well as the role of pre-existing immunity to common human coronaviruses (HCoVs) in shaping vaccine-induced immunity.
Methods: We enrolled 64 participants (17 males and 47 females) and measured IgG levels against HCoVs before and after vaccination. T cell responses were analysed by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with wild-type, Delta, and Omicron spike peptides.
Results: We found pre-existing antibodies against HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43 were present before vaccination. Notably, a positive correlation was observed between pre-existing antibodies to HCoV-229E and HCoV-HKU1 and anti-RBD IgG levels post-vaccination. Pre-existing CD4+ T cell responses were observed for the wild-type strain before vaccination, with a significant reduction in IFN-γ secretion after Delta re-stimulation and partial restoration after Omicron re-stimulation. IL-4 production by CD4+ T cells was significantly reduced upon re-stimulation with Delta and Omicron compared to wild-type. CD8+ T cells again showed a reduction of IL-4 production after Delta re-stimulation compared to the original strain.
Conclusions: This work demonstrate that CoronaVac induces robust humoral and cellular immune responses, though variant-specific responses vary. Pre-existing immunity to certain HCoVs may influence vaccine-induced antibody responses, underscoring the importance of monitoring immunity to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and informing future vaccine design.
期刊介绍:
The Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology (APJAI) is an online open access journal with the recent impact factor (2018) 1.747
APJAI published 4 times per annum (March, June, September, December). Four issues constitute one volume.
APJAI publishes original research articles of basic science, clinical science and reviews on various aspects of allergy and immunology. This journal is an official journal of and published by the Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Association, Thailand.
The scopes include mechanism, pathogenesis, host-pathogen interaction, host-environment interaction, allergic diseases, immune-mediated diseases, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, immunotherapy, and vaccine. All papers are published in English and are refereed to international standards.