{"title":"The association between particulate matter 2.5 and thyroid function and thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Haihong Wang, Jing Xu, Caizhu Huang, Lichao Chen, Xiandan Zhang, Wenjun Tian","doi":"10.1007/s00420-025-02133-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Recent studies indicate a potential link between exposure to atmospheric particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and thyroid function, though epidemiological conclusions remain inconsistent. This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis aims to clarify the connection between PM2.5 levels and the risks of thyroid function and thyroid cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the medical subject headings \"PM2.5\" and \"thyroid hormones\" along with their associated free words, publications from the Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed up to April 2024 were searched. The study protocol has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024554220).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1322 articles were collected from databases, of which 27 studies were included in the analysis. The findings indicated that exposure to PM2.5 was a significant risk factor for hypothyroidism, increasing the incidence risk by 0.15 (95% CI 1.08, 1.23, P < 0.001). PM2.5 exposure levels were significantly higher in Asian populations than in European populations; each incremental increase in PM2.5 exposure resulted in a rise in TSH by 0.27 mIU/L (95% CI 0.07, 0.47, P = 0.008) and a decrease in FT4 by 0.21 pmol/L (95% CI - .35, - 0.07, P = 0.004). Additionally, in susceptible pregnant women, each incremental increase in PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy was associated with a rise in TSH levels by 0.08 mIU/L (95% CI - 0.02, 0.17, P < 0.001) and a decrease in FT4 levels by 0.09 pmol/L (95% CI - 0.23, 0.05, P = 0.210).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research establishes PM2.5 exposure as a risk factor for diminished thyroid function. In Asian populations, the average level of PM2.5 exposure is high, significantly affecting thyroid hormones (TSH, FT4). Particular attention to PM2.5 exposure levels during pregnancy is essential to reduce the risk of thyroid dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":13761,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-025-02133-y","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose: Recent studies indicate a potential link between exposure to atmospheric particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and thyroid function, though epidemiological conclusions remain inconsistent. This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis aims to clarify the connection between PM2.5 levels and the risks of thyroid function and thyroid cancer.
Methods: Using the medical subject headings "PM2.5" and "thyroid hormones" along with their associated free words, publications from the Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed up to April 2024 were searched. The study protocol has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024554220).
Results: A total of 1322 articles were collected from databases, of which 27 studies were included in the analysis. The findings indicated that exposure to PM2.5 was a significant risk factor for hypothyroidism, increasing the incidence risk by 0.15 (95% CI 1.08, 1.23, P < 0.001). PM2.5 exposure levels were significantly higher in Asian populations than in European populations; each incremental increase in PM2.5 exposure resulted in a rise in TSH by 0.27 mIU/L (95% CI 0.07, 0.47, P = 0.008) and a decrease in FT4 by 0.21 pmol/L (95% CI - .35, - 0.07, P = 0.004). Additionally, in susceptible pregnant women, each incremental increase in PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy was associated with a rise in TSH levels by 0.08 mIU/L (95% CI - 0.02, 0.17, P < 0.001) and a decrease in FT4 levels by 0.09 pmol/L (95% CI - 0.23, 0.05, P = 0.210).
Conclusion: Our research establishes PM2.5 exposure as a risk factor for diminished thyroid function. In Asian populations, the average level of PM2.5 exposure is high, significantly affecting thyroid hormones (TSH, FT4). Particular attention to PM2.5 exposure levels during pregnancy is essential to reduce the risk of thyroid dysfunction.
期刊介绍：
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health publishes Editorials, Review Articles, Original Articles, and Letters to the Editor. It welcomes any manuscripts dealing with occupational or ambient environmental problems, with a special interest in research at the interface of occupational health and clinical medicine. The scope ranges from Biological Monitoring to Dermatology, from Fibers and Dust to Human Toxicology, from Nanomaterials and Ultra-fine Dust to Night- and Shift Work, from Psycho-mental Distress and Burnout to Vibrations. A complete list of topics can be found on the right-hand side under For authors and editors.
In addition, all papers should be based on present-day standards and relate to:
-Clinical and epidemiological studies on morbidity and mortality
-Clinical epidemiological studies on the parameters relevant to the estimation of health risks
-Human experimental studies on environmental health effects. Animal experiments are only acceptable if relevant to pathogenic aspects.
-Methods for studying the topics mentioned above.
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