Thiol–Ene Click Chemistry for Functionalizing Silica-Overcoated Gold Nanorods

IF 7.2 2区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Chemistry of Materials Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI:10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c02625

Melanie M. Ghelardini, Chuanzhen Zhou, Birgit Urban, Martin Müller, Joseph B. Tracy

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Abstract

Gold nanorods (GNRs) coated with SiO₂ are functionalized through thermally initiated free-radical thiol–ene click reactions, which couple vinyl groups on the SiO₂ surface with thiols to form thioethers. This method of functionalization is developed as an alternative approach to thiolate functionalization of the gold surface. GNRs are synthesized using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which is challenging to displace with thiols in high yield. In this work, a shell of SiO₂ is instead deposited on the outer surface of the GNRs, which also maintains colloidal stability. A reaction with a vinyl silane then prepares the outer surface of the SiO₂ shells for subsequent thiol–ene click reactions with five thiols that are selected to represent variations in structure and functional groups, including aliphatic and aromatic structures and acids and bases, demonstrating the versatility of the reaction. The SiO₂ shell is initially 17 nm thick and further grows to 20 nm when functionalized with vinyl groups. Deposition of vinyl groups and the formation of thioethers are confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). While FTIR spectroscopy is well-known for characterizing the surface of nanoparticles, ToF-SIMS has been applied less for this purpose and strongly complements analysis by FTIR spectroscopy.

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来源期刊

Chemistry of Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

14.10

自引率

5.80%

发文量

929

审稿时长

1.5 months

期刊介绍： The journal Chemistry of Materials focuses on publishing original research at the intersection of materials science and chemistry. The studies published in the journal involve chemistry as a prominent component and explore topics such as the design, synthesis, characterization, processing, understanding, and application of functional or potentially functional materials. The journal covers various areas of interest, including inorganic and organic solid-state chemistry, nanomaterials, biomaterials, thin films and polymers, and composite/hybrid materials. The journal particularly seeks papers that highlight the creation or development of innovative materials with novel optical, electrical, magnetic, catalytic, or mechanical properties. It is essential that manuscripts on these topics have a primary focus on the chemistry of materials and represent a significant advancement compared to prior research. Before external reviews are sought, submitted manuscripts undergo a review process by a minimum of two editors to ensure their appropriateness for the journal and the presence of sufficient evidence of a significant advance that will be of broad interest to the materials chemistry community.