[Effects of Combined Pollution of Cd and Microplastics on Winter Wheat Based on the PLS Model: Phytotoxicity and Soil Properties].

Q2 Environmental Science
Yue Chen, Hai-Kuan Cheng, Fu-Peng Chen, Chen-Chen Feng, Di Lin
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

To explore the effects of heavy metals, microplastics, and their combined action on the growth, physiological ecology, and soil physicochemical properties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we sought to identify the major controlling factors and thus to provide a theoretical basis for revealing the physiological ecology response mechanism and ecological restoration of contaminated soil. Soil culture treatment experiments were conducted to study the effects of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) (0 mg·kg-1 and 5 mg·kg-1) and polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs) with different particle sizes (10 μm and 500 μm) and mass concentration (0, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 5.0%) on winter wheat growth, photosynthetic physiology, antioxidant enzyme activity, leaf anatomy, canopy temperature, soil nutrients, and soil enzyme activity. Moreover, a partial least squares (PLS) model was used to quantify the relationship between physical and chemical indicators and winter wheat growth status and to identify the major controlling factors. The results showed that the plant height, leaf area, and total biomass of winter wheat decreased by 10.3%-59.9%, 5.8%-94.2%, and 20.0%-84.0%, respectively, under the pollution condition of small particle size PP-MPs alone and combined with Cd. In addition, photosynthetic characteristics, such as photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll content of wheat leaves were significantly inhibited under the conditions of both pollutants. With the increase of pollution stress, the canopy temperature of the wheat population increased, and the leaf thickness decreased. Compared with that in CK, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) of leaves increased by 13.4%-99.0%, 45.5%-122.7%, and 2.8%-89.2%, respectively, and the interaction between them was extremely significant (P<0.01). In addition, Cd and PP-MPs also slightly increased the contents of soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium and significantly improved the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase, and dehydrogenase. In summary, the combined Cd-PP-MPs pollution had synergistic inhibition effects on the above indicators, and the inhibiting effects of 10 μm PP-MPs were significantly stronger than those of 500 μm. PLS results showed that soil acid phosphatase was the key control factor affecting the growth and development indices of winter wheat under the combined pollution stress of Cd and 10 μm PP-MPs, and soil available phosphorus was the key influencing factor of 500 μm large-particle size PP-MPs. The results provide reference for evaluating the ecological effects of heavy metal Cd and MPs combined pollution in the soil-plant system.

[基于 PLS 模型的镉和微塑料联合污染对冬小麦的影响:植物毒性和土壤特性]。
为探讨重金属、微塑料及其联合作用对冬小麦生长、生理生态和土壤理化性质的影响,找出主要控制因素,为揭示受污染土壤的生理生态响应机制和生态修复提供理论依据。通过土壤培养处理试验,研究了不同粒径(10 μm和500 μm)和质量浓度(0、0.5%、1.0%和5.0%)的重金属镉(Cd) (0 mg·kg-1和5 mg·kg-1)和聚丙烯微塑料(PP-MPs)对冬小麦生长、光合生理、抗氧化酶活性、叶片解剖、冠层温度、土壤养分和土壤酶活性的影响。利用偏最小二乘(PLS)模型定量分析了理化指标与冬小麦生长状况的关系,确定了影响冬小麦生长状况的主要控制因素。结果表明,小粒径PP-MPs单独和复合Cd污染条件下,冬小麦株高、叶面积和总生物量分别下降10.3% ~ 59.9%、5.8% ~ 94.2%和20.0% ~ 84.0%,且小麦叶片光合效率和叶绿素含量等光合特性均受到显著抑制。随着污染胁迫的增加,小麦群体的冠层温度升高,叶片厚度减小。与对照相比,叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)分别提高了13.4% ~ 99.0%、45.5% ~ 122.7%和2.8% ~ 89.2%,三者互作极显著(P<0.01)。此外,Cd和PP-MPs还略微提高了土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,显著提高了土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和脱氢酶的活性。综上所述,Cd-PP-MPs复合污染对上述指标具有协同抑制作用,且10 μm PP-MPs的抑制作用显著强于500 μm的抑制作用。结果表明,土壤酸性磷酸酶是Cd和10 μm PP-MPs复合污染胁迫下影响冬小麦生长发育指标的关键控制因子,土壤速效磷是500 μm大粒径PP-MPs的关键影响因子。研究结果可为评价重金属Cd和MPs复合污染在土壤-植物系统中的生态效应提供参考。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
环境科学
环境科学 Environmental Science-Environmental Science (all)
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
15329
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