Molecular insights and treatment innovations: Advancing outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia‑related changes (Review).

IF 3.8 3区 医学 Q2 ONCOLOGY
Oncology reports Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-21 DOI:10.3892/or.2025.8887
Hong Qiu, Chaowei Zhang, Xiaochen Ma, Ying Li
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplasia‑related (AML‑MR), a challenging and aggressive subtype of AML, is characterized by unique genetic abnormalities and molecular features, which contribute to its poor prognosis compared with other AML subtypes. The present review summarizes the current understanding of AML‑MR pathogenesis, highlighting notable advancements in genetic and cytogenetic insights. Critical mutations, such as those in the tumor antigen p53 and additional sex combs like 1 genes, and their role in disease progression and resistance to treatment, are explored. The review further investigates how clonal evolution and cellular microenvironment alterations drive AML‑MR transformation and impact patient outcomes. Despite the poor outlook typically associated with AML‑MR, developments in treatment approaches offer hope. The present review considers the efficacy of novel therapeutic agents, including CPX‑351, hypomethylating agents and targeted molecular therapies. Additionally, innovations in immunotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are discussed as promising avenues to improve patient survival rates. The challenges of treating AML‑MR, particularly in elderly and pretreated patients, underline the necessity for individualized treatment strategies that consider both the biological complexity of the disease and the overall health profile of the patient. The present review focuses on the mechanisms of AML‑MR transformation, highlighting factors that may offer a crucial theoretical foundation and pave the way for future applications in precision medicine. Future research directions include exploring novel targeted therapies and combination regimens to mitigate the transformation risks and enhance the quality of life of patients with AML‑MR.

分子洞察和治疗创新:推进急性髓系白血病伴骨髓增生异常相关改变的结局(综述)
急性髓系白血病,骨髓增生异常相关(AML - MR)是一种具有挑战性和侵袭性的AML亚型,其独特的遗传异常和分子特征导致其与其他AML亚型相比预后较差。本文总结了目前对AML - MR发病机制的理解,强调了在遗传学和细胞遗传学方面的显著进展。关键突变,如肿瘤抗原p53和其他性梳子如1基因中的突变,以及它们在疾病进展和治疗耐药性中的作用,被探索。该综述进一步研究了克隆进化和细胞微环境改变如何驱动AML - MR转化并影响患者预后。尽管通常与AML - MR相关的前景不佳,但治疗方法的发展带来了希望。本综述考虑了新型治疗药物的疗效,包括CPX - 351、低甲基化药物和靶向分子治疗。此外,免疫疗法和异体造血干细胞移植的创新被认为是提高患者存活率的有希望的途径。治疗AML - MR的挑战,特别是在老年和预先治疗的患者中,强调了考虑疾病生物学复杂性和患者整体健康状况的个性化治疗策略的必要性。目前的综述侧重于AML - MR转化的机制,强调可能提供关键理论基础的因素,并为未来在精准医学中的应用铺平道路。未来的研究方向包括探索新的靶向治疗和联合治疗方案,以减轻AML - MR患者的转化风险,提高患者的生活质量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Oncology reports
Oncology reports 医学-肿瘤学
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
2.40%
发文量
187
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Oncology Reports is a monthly, peer-reviewed journal devoted to the publication of high quality original studies and reviews concerning a broad and comprehensive view of fundamental and applied research in oncology, focusing on carcinogenesis, metastasis and epidemiology.
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