Health-related quality of life association with sociodemographic characteristics among children under-five with Down syndrome in Western Region Secondary Care Hospitals, Saudi Arabia.

IF 1.1 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
Shrouq R Almalki, Amjad W Alotaibi, Asheqah M Albalawi, Malak E Aloufi, Nesrin K Abd El-Fatah
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Abstract

Background: The Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of children with Down syndrome (DS) can be significantly affected by various physical, social, and cognitive elements. There is a scarcity of research on the HRQoL of Saudi children and its correlation with sociodemographic factors. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the HRQoL of children under the age of 5 years with DS in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: The study included children under 5 years with DS who were receiving care at secondary care hospitals in Taif, Mecca, and Jeddah. The children were accompanied by their parents or caregivers, who provided sociodemographic and child-specific data as well as medical information. They completed a validated TNO-AZL Preschool Children Quality of Life (TAPQOL) questionnaire. The association between HRQoL and respondents' characteristics was assessed using independent samples t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. A multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between the TAPQOL scores and sociodemographic characteristics in children under the age of 5 years children with DS.

Results: A total of 460 responded to the questionnaire. The overall HRQoL score was high. The scores for physical functioning were relatively high, particularly for motor functioning (mean = 86.64) and skin health (mean = 85.68). In addition, social functioning exhibited a lower level, with a significant difference (mean = 25.29). The cognitive functioning scores exhibited variability, with communication scoring relatively high (mean = 76.68), while positive mood (mean = 19.51) and liveliness (mean = 21.25) were significantly low. There was a significant correlation between the educational level and occupation of both fathers and mothers and their HRQoL. Specifically, individuals with higher education and stable employment had better HRQoL scores. Parents' health also has an impact on HRQoL, with children of parents without comorbidities scoring higher. Furthermore, there was a significant association between higher sociodemographic levels of parents and improved HRQoL of the patients.

Conclusions: The level of HRQoL among children with DS was high, particularly in the physical and cognitive domains. The sociodemographic factors of parents, specifically the level of education and occupation of fathers, have been identified as essential factors influencing HRQoL. Providing increased economic and educational support for families has a significant positive impact on the quality of life for these children.

沙特阿拉伯西部地区二级保健医院5岁以下唐氏综合症儿童健康相关生活质量与社会人口学特征的关系
背景:唐氏综合征(DS)儿童的健康相关生活质量(HRQoL)可受到各种身体、社会和认知因素的显著影响。沙特儿童的HRQoL及其与社会人口因素的相关性研究较少。因此,我们的目的是评估沙特阿拉伯西部地区5岁以下DS儿童的HRQoL。方法:研究对象为在塔伊夫、麦加和吉达的二级医院接受治疗的5岁以下退行性痴呆儿童。这些儿童由他们的父母或看护人陪同,他们提供了社会人口统计和儿童特定数据以及医疗信息。他们完成了一份有效的TNO-AZL学龄前儿童生活质量(TAPQOL)问卷。采用独立样本t检验、方差分析、Mann-Whitney检验和Kruskal-Wallis检验评估HRQoL与被调查者特征之间的关系。采用多元线性回归分析5岁以下退行性痴呆患儿TAPQOL评分与社会人口学特征的关系。结果:共回复问卷460份。总体HRQoL评分较高。身体功能得分相对较高,尤其是运动功能(平均= 86.64)和皮肤健康(平均= 85.68)。此外,社会功能表现出较低的水平,具有显著性差异(平均= 25.29)。认知功能得分存在差异,交际得分较高(平均76.68分),积极情绪得分(平均19.51分)和活泼度得分(平均21.25分)较低。父亲和母亲的受教育程度和职业与他们的HRQoL有显著相关。具体而言,高学历和稳定就业的个体的HRQoL得分更高。父母的健康状况也对HRQoL有影响,父母没有合并症的孩子得分更高。此外,父母的社会人口学水平越高,患者的HRQoL越好。结论:退行性痴呆患儿的HRQoL水平较高,尤其是在身体和认知领域。父母的社会人口因素,特别是父亲的教育水平和职业,已被确定为影响HRQoL的重要因素。为家庭提供更多的经济和教育支助对这些儿童的生活质量有重大的积极影响。
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