Evaluation of different concentration techniques for microscopic diagnosis of protozoa and helminths in stool samples of children.

Abstract

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are prevalent among children in developing countries, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. These infections significantly impact physical and intellectual development and exacerbate nutritional deficiencies in early childhood.

Materials and methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study, conducted at AIIMS, Gorakhpur, from July to December 2023, involved 110 children aged six months to five years with diarrhea. The study compared the diagnostic performance of routine wet mount examination and stool concentration techniques (Formol-Ether Acetate Concentration [FAC] and Formal-Ether Concentration [FEC]) for identifying intestinal parasites.

Result: FAC detected parasites in 75% of cases, FEC in 62%, and wet mount in 41%. Protozoan infections were predominant, with Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia being the most common. Dual infections were better detected by concentration methods.

Conclusion: The study highlighted the higher sensitivity of FAC over FEC and wet mount techniques. Environmental, socioeconomic, and geographical factors influenced the prevalence and distribution of IPIs. The study emphasizes the need for improved public health measures, including health education, safe water, and sanitation facilities. The formol-ether acetate concentration technique is recommended for its higher recovery rate, safety, and feasibility in rural settings, requiring minimal infrastructure.