{"title":"Mechanisms and molecular characterization of relapsed/refractory neuroblastomas.","authors":"Chong Chen, Zixuan Wei","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1555419","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma is a type of malignant solid tumor with a very poor prognosis in children. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving multiple molecular pathways and genetic alterations. Recent studies have shown that MYCN amplification, ALK mutation, TERT promoter mutation, p53 pathway inactivation, and chromosomal instability are the key mechanisms and molecular characteristics of relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma. Precision treatment strategies targeting these molecular mechanisms have shown certain prospects in preclinical studies and clinical practice. This review focuses on the relevant mechanisms and molecular characteristics of relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma, explores its relationship with treatment response and clinical prognosis, and briefly introduces the current treatment strategies to provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel and personalized therapeutic regimens to improve the prognosis of children.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1555419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922920/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Oncology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1555419","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ONCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma is a type of malignant solid tumor with a very poor prognosis in children. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving multiple molecular pathways and genetic alterations. Recent studies have shown that MYCN amplification, ALK mutation, TERT promoter mutation, p53 pathway inactivation, and chromosomal instability are the key mechanisms and molecular characteristics of relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma. Precision treatment strategies targeting these molecular mechanisms have shown certain prospects in preclinical studies and clinical practice. This review focuses on the relevant mechanisms and molecular characteristics of relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma, explores its relationship with treatment response and clinical prognosis, and briefly introduces the current treatment strategies to provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel and personalized therapeutic regimens to improve the prognosis of children.
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Cancer Imaging and Diagnosis is dedicated to the publication of results from clinical and research studies applied to cancer diagnosis and treatment. The section aims to publish studies from the entire field of cancer imaging: results from routine use of clinical imaging in both radiology and nuclear medicine, results from clinical trials, experimental molecular imaging in humans and small animals, research on new contrast agents in CT, MRI, ultrasound, publication of new technical applications and processing algorithms to improve the standardization of quantitative imaging and image guided interventions for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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