Development of a sensitive and accurate method for the simultaneous determination of climbazole and clotrimazole using β-cyclodextrin assisted liquid–liquid microextraction based on switchable solvent

IF 2.2 4区化学 Q2 Engineering

Chemical Papers Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI:10.1007/s11696-025-03900-4

Bahare Arabkhani, Nasser Goudarzi, Mansour Arab Chamjangali

{"title":"Development of a sensitive and accurate method for the simultaneous determination of climbazole and clotrimazole using β-cyclodextrin assisted liquid–liquid microextraction based on switchable solvent","authors":"Bahare Arabkhani, Nasser Goudarzi, Mansour Arab Chamjangali","doi":"10.1007/s11696-025-03900-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper offers a novel approach featuring homogenous liquid-phase microextraction and beta-cyclodextrin for detecting azole antifungal medicines like clotrimazole and climbazole in diverse matrices. Switchable hydrophilicity solvents can be miscible or immiscible based on sample pH and vary from monophasic to biphasic depending on a trigger as extraction solvents. Adding beta-cyclodextrin to the extraction phase may boost efficiency by promoting supramolecular host–guest azole antifungal compounds. This order used dipropylamine for extraction. The recommendation is greener, faster, easier, reproducible, and cheaper. The method was easier without centrifugation. The work examined the impact of operational extraction factors including concentrations of beta-cyclodextrin, volume of dipropylamine, amounts of acid/base solution, and ionic strength of the sample. Under optimal conditions, vortex assisted-switchable hydrophilicity solvents-homogeneous liquid-phase microextraction, extraction time: around 2 min, showed good linearity in the range of 40.0–11000.0 ng.mL<sup>−1</sup> and determination coefficients 0.9998 for climbazole, 10.0–11000.0 ng.mL<sup>−1</sup> determination coefficients 1.0000 for clotrimazole, and the limits of detection were found to be 12.0 ng.mL<sup>−1</sup> for climbazole and 3.0 ng.mL<sup>−1</sup> for clotrimazole. The vortex-assisted-beta-cyclodextrin-Switchable hydrophilicity solvents-homogeneous liquid-phase microextraction method quantified azole fungicides in water, milk, plasma, and tablet samples. Spiking recoveries of 98.2–101.8% revealed the approach can detect imidazole fungicides in samples.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":513,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Papers","volume":"79 3","pages":"1945 - 1957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chemical Papers","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11696-025-03900-4","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Engineering","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

This paper offers a novel approach featuring homogenous liquid-phase microextraction and beta-cyclodextrin for detecting azole antifungal medicines like clotrimazole and climbazole in diverse matrices. Switchable hydrophilicity solvents can be miscible or immiscible based on sample pH and vary from monophasic to biphasic depending on a trigger as extraction solvents. Adding beta-cyclodextrin to the extraction phase may boost efficiency by promoting supramolecular host–guest azole antifungal compounds. This order used dipropylamine for extraction. The recommendation is greener, faster, easier, reproducible, and cheaper. The method was easier without centrifugation. The work examined the impact of operational extraction factors including concentrations of beta-cyclodextrin, volume of dipropylamine, amounts of acid/base solution, and ionic strength of the sample. Under optimal conditions, vortex assisted-switchable hydrophilicity solvents-homogeneous liquid-phase microextraction, extraction time: around 2 min, showed good linearity in the range of 40.0–11000.0 ng.mL⁻¹ and determination coefficients 0.9998 for climbazole, 10.0–11000.0 ng.mL⁻¹ determination coefficients 1.0000 for clotrimazole, and the limits of detection were found to be 12.0 ng.mL⁻¹ for climbazole and 3.0 ng.mL⁻¹ for clotrimazole. The vortex-assisted-beta-cyclodextrin-Switchable hydrophilicity solvents-homogeneous liquid-phase microextraction method quantified azole fungicides in water, milk, plasma, and tablet samples. Spiking recoveries of 98.2–101.8% revealed the approach can detect imidazole fungicides in samples.

Graphical abstract

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

基于可切换溶剂的β-环糊精辅助液液微萃取法同时测定攀唑和克霉唑的灵敏、准确方法的建立

本文提供了一种新方法，利用均相液相微萃取和β-环糊精检测不同基质中的克霉唑和攀唑等唑类抗真菌药物。可切换亲水性溶剂可根据样品的 pH 值进行混溶或不混溶，并可根据触发作为萃取溶剂从单相到双相变化。在萃取阶段加入β-环糊精可促进超分子主-客唑类抗真菌化合物，从而提高效率。本订单使用二丙胺进行萃取。该建议更环保、更快速、更简便、可重复、更便宜。该方法无需离心，更加简便。这项工作考察了操作提取因素的影响，包括β-环糊精的浓度、二丙胺的体积、酸/碱溶液的用量以及样品的离子强度。在最佳条件下，涡旋辅助-可切换亲水性溶剂-均相液相微萃取，萃取时间约为 2 分钟，在 40.0-11000.0 ng.mL-1 范围内显示出良好的线性关系，测定系数为 0.克霉唑的检出限分别为 12.0 ng.mL-1 和 3.0 ng.mL-1。涡旋辅助-β-环糊精-可切换亲水性溶剂-均相液相微萃取法定量检测了水、牛奶、血浆和片剂样品中的唑类杀菌剂。加标回收率为98.2%-101.8%，表明该方法可检测样品中的咪唑类杀菌剂。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Chemical Papers Chemical Engineering-General Chemical Engineering

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

4.50%

发文量

590

期刊介绍： Chemical Papers is a peer-reviewed, international journal devoted to basic and applied chemical research. It has a broad scope covering the chemical sciences, but favors interdisciplinary research and studies that bring chemistry together with other disciplines.