{"title":"Synergistic Effect of Cr and Fe Elements on Stress Corrosion Fracture Toughness of Titanium Alloy","authors":"Zhi-wei Lian, She-wei Xin, Ping Guo, Huan Wang, Fei Qiang, Xing-yang Tu, Hong-lin Fang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01806-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Synergistic effect of Cr and Fe elements on stress corrosion fracture toughness of titanium alloy was analyzed by phase detection, observation of the microstructure, tensile mechanical properties test and stress corrosion fracture toughness test. TC4-Cr-Fe titanium alloy and TC4 titanium alloy were composed of α phase and β phase, and no other phases were detected. The microstructure characterization showed that the primary alpha phase (α<sub>p</sub>) and secondary alpha phase (α<sub>s</sub>) can be significantly refined due to the addition of Cr and Fe elements, and the formation of α<sub>s</sub> can be promoted. The tensile strength and stress corrosion fracture toughness can be improved by adding Cr and Fe elements. The synergistic effect of Cr and Fe elements on stress corrosion fracture toughness was that on the one hand, the formation of small angle grain boundaries can be promoted, which had a low diffusion rate and inhibited intergranular corrosion. On the other hand, TC4-Cr-Fe titanium alloy had a large number of α<sub>s</sub> aggregation regions in different directions, and at the same time, it had a higher proportion of schmid factor ≤ 0.3 in pyramidal slip system. Therefore, when the crack passes through, it will be frequently changed in direction, which has obvious retardation and deflection effect on the crack extension process. And when the grains with low schmid factor were penetrated by cracks, a large number of slip systems were difficult to start, resulting in stress concentration and dislocation density increase. The increase of dislocation density can effectively weaken the driving energy of micro-crack extension and increase the energy needed for its continuous extension, thus the crack extension process was hindered.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 4","pages":"1087 - 1095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Metals and Materials International","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12540-024-01806-6","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Synergistic effect of Cr and Fe elements on stress corrosion fracture toughness of titanium alloy was analyzed by phase detection, observation of the microstructure, tensile mechanical properties test and stress corrosion fracture toughness test. TC4-Cr-Fe titanium alloy and TC4 titanium alloy were composed of α phase and β phase, and no other phases were detected. The microstructure characterization showed that the primary alpha phase (αp) and secondary alpha phase (αs) can be significantly refined due to the addition of Cr and Fe elements, and the formation of αs can be promoted. The tensile strength and stress corrosion fracture toughness can be improved by adding Cr and Fe elements. The synergistic effect of Cr and Fe elements on stress corrosion fracture toughness was that on the one hand, the formation of small angle grain boundaries can be promoted, which had a low diffusion rate and inhibited intergranular corrosion. On the other hand, TC4-Cr-Fe titanium alloy had a large number of αs aggregation regions in different directions, and at the same time, it had a higher proportion of schmid factor ≤ 0.3 in pyramidal slip system. Therefore, when the crack passes through, it will be frequently changed in direction, which has obvious retardation and deflection effect on the crack extension process. And when the grains with low schmid factor were penetrated by cracks, a large number of slip systems were difficult to start, resulting in stress concentration and dislocation density increase. The increase of dislocation density can effectively weaken the driving energy of micro-crack extension and increase the energy needed for its continuous extension, thus the crack extension process was hindered.
期刊介绍：
Metals and Materials International publishes original papers and occasional critical reviews on all aspects of research and technology in materials engineering: physical metallurgy, materials science, and processing of metals and other materials. Emphasis is placed on those aspects of the science of materials that are concerned with the relationships among the processing, structure and properties (mechanical, chemical, electrical, electrochemical, magnetic and optical) of materials. Aspects of processing include the melting, casting, and fabrication with the thermodynamics, kinetics and modeling.
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