Quantifying the Source-Receptor Relationships of PM2.5 Pollution and Associated Health Impacts among China, South Korea, and Japan: A Dual Perspective and an Interdisciplinary Approach.

IF 10.1 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Environmental Health Perspectives Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-25 DOI:10.1289/EHP14550
Jianzheng Liu, Fei Yao, Hongwen Chen, Hongyan Zhao
{"title":"<ArticleTitle xmlns:ns0=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">Quantifying the Source-Receptor Relationships of <ns0:math><ns0:mrow><ns0:mi>P</ns0:mi><ns0:mrow><ns0:msub><ns0:mrow><ns0:mi>M</ns0:mi></ns0:mrow><ns0:mrow><ns0:mn>2</ns0:mn><ns0:mo>.</ns0:mo><ns0:mn>5</ns0:mn></ns0:mrow></ns0:msub></ns0:mrow></ns0:mrow></ns0:math> Pollution and Associated Health Impacts among China, South Korea, and Japan: A Dual Perspective and an Interdisciplinary Approach.","authors":"Jianzheng Liu, Fei Yao, Hongwen Chen, Hongyan Zhao","doi":"10.1289/EHP14550","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transboundary particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter <math><mrow><mo>≤</mo><mn>2.5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math> (<math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>PM</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math>) pollution is causing significant environmental conflicts among China, South Korea, and Japan. However, efforts to address these conflicts have been impeded by a lack of a comprehensive understanding of source-receptor relationships of <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>PM</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math> pollution and associated health impacts among these countries.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We quantified the extent to which transboundary <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>PM</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math> pollution and associated health impacts are mutual among the three countries in 2015 and 2017 using three metrics (population-weighted mean <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>PM</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math> concentration, <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>PM</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math> population exposure, and <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>PM</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math>-related premature deaths) and two accounting perspectives (production and consumption).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We adopted an integrated interdisciplinary analysis framework that links an environmentally extended multiregional input-output model, a GEOS-Chem chemical transport model, a population exposure model, and an exposure-response model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From a production perspective, China's contributions to population-weighted mean <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>PM</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math> concentrations in South Korea and Japan were considerable, whereas the contributions of South Korea and Japan to China were negligible. However, the contributions from South Korea and Japan to <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>PM</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math> population exposure and associated premature deaths in China were nonnegligible from both production and consumption perspectives. From a consumption perspective, the contributions of South Korea and Japan to <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>PM</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math>-related premature deaths in China amounted to <math><mn>6.96</mn></math> [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.36, 7.56] and <math><mn>9.79</mn></math> (95% CI: 8.93, 10.64) thousand deaths in 2015, respectively, and <math><mn>5.03</mn></math> (95% CI: 4.55, 5.49) and <math><mn>7.75</mn></math> (95% CI: 7.02, 8.47) in 2017, respectively. These figures were generally larger than China's contributions to <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>PM</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math>-related premature deaths in South Korea and Japan, which totaled <math><mn>4.63</mn></math> (95% CI: 3.97, 5.28) and <math><mn>3.91</mn></math> (95% CI: 2.78, 5.01) thousand deaths in 2015, respectively, and <math><mn>4.43</mn></math> (95% CI: 3.75, 5.1) and <math><mn>3.69</mn></math> (95% CI: 2.57, 4.79) in 2017, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings show that mutual contributions of <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>PM</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math> pollution and associated health impacts among the three countries varied considerably when different metrics and accounting perspectives were applied. A consumption perspective revealed narrower gaps in mutual contributions than a production perspective. Moreover, other countries outside Northeast Asia may have played a significant role in contributing to <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>PM</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math> pollution and associated health impacts in Northeast Asia, suggesting that Northeast Asian countries should look beyond this region and collaborate with the rest of the world to jointly develop effective <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>PM</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math> mitigation strategies. Our findings could help policymakers, scholars, and the public in China, South Korea, and Japan understand the intricacies involved in assigning environmental responsibilities and achieving environmental justice with respect to transboundary <math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>PM</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></math> pollution. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14550.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":"47011"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036670/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Health Perspectives","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14550","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/4/25 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Transboundary particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter 2.5μm (PM2.5) pollution is causing significant environmental conflicts among China, South Korea, and Japan. However, efforts to address these conflicts have been impeded by a lack of a comprehensive understanding of source-receptor relationships of PM2.5 pollution and associated health impacts among these countries.

Objectives: We quantified the extent to which transboundary PM2.5 pollution and associated health impacts are mutual among the three countries in 2015 and 2017 using three metrics (population-weighted mean PM2.5 concentration, PM2.5 population exposure, and PM2.5-related premature deaths) and two accounting perspectives (production and consumption).

Methods: We adopted an integrated interdisciplinary analysis framework that links an environmentally extended multiregional input-output model, a GEOS-Chem chemical transport model, a population exposure model, and an exposure-response model.

Results: From a production perspective, China's contributions to population-weighted mean PM2.5 concentrations in South Korea and Japan were considerable, whereas the contributions of South Korea and Japan to China were negligible. However, the contributions from South Korea and Japan to PM2.5 population exposure and associated premature deaths in China were nonnegligible from both production and consumption perspectives. From a consumption perspective, the contributions of South Korea and Japan to PM2.5-related premature deaths in China amounted to 6.96 [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.36, 7.56] and 9.79 (95% CI: 8.93, 10.64) thousand deaths in 2015, respectively, and 5.03 (95% CI: 4.55, 5.49) and 7.75 (95% CI: 7.02, 8.47) in 2017, respectively. These figures were generally larger than China's contributions to PM2.5-related premature deaths in South Korea and Japan, which totaled 4.63 (95% CI: 3.97, 5.28) and 3.91 (95% CI: 2.78, 5.01) thousand deaths in 2015, respectively, and 4.43 (95% CI: 3.75, 5.1) and 3.69 (95% CI: 2.57, 4.79) in 2017, respectively.

Discussion: Our findings show that mutual contributions of PM2.5 pollution and associated health impacts among the three countries varied considerably when different metrics and accounting perspectives were applied. A consumption perspective revealed narrower gaps in mutual contributions than a production perspective. Moreover, other countries outside Northeast Asia may have played a significant role in contributing to PM2.5 pollution and associated health impacts in Northeast Asia, suggesting that Northeast Asian countries should look beyond this region and collaborate with the rest of the world to jointly develop effective PM2.5 mitigation strategies. Our findings could help policymakers, scholars, and the public in China, South Korea, and Japan understand the intricacies involved in assigning environmental responsibilities and achieving environmental justice with respect to transboundary PM2.5 pollution. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14550.

量化中国、韩国和日本PM2.5污染源-受体关系及其相关健康影响:双重视角和跨学科方法
背景:跨境PM2.5污染正在引起中、韩、日三国之间的重大环境冲突。然而,由于缺乏对这些国家PM2.5污染源-受体关系和相关健康影响的全面了解,解决这些冲突的努力受到了阻碍。我们使用三个指标(人口加权平均PM2.5浓度、PM2.5人口暴露量和PM2.5相关过早死亡)和两个会计视角(生产和消费),量化了2015年和2017年三国跨境PM2.5污染及其相关健康影响的相互程度。方法:采用跨学科综合分析框架,将环境扩展的多区域投入产出模型、GEOS-Chem化学运输模型、人口暴露模型和暴露-响应模型联系起来。结果:从生产角度看,中国对韩国和日本人口加权平均PM2.5浓度的贡献相当大,而韩国和日本对中国的贡献可以忽略不计。然而,从生产和消费的角度来看,韩国和日本对中国PM2.5人口暴露和相关过早死亡的贡献是不可忽视的。从消费角度来看,2015年韩国和日本对中国pm2.5相关过早死亡的贡献分别为6.96[95%置信区间(CI): 6.36, 7.56]和9.79 (95% CI: 8.93, 10.64)千例死亡,2017年分别为5.03 (95% CI: 4.55, 5.49)和7.75 (95% CI: 7.02, 8.47)。这些数字通常大于中国对韩国和日本pm2.5相关过早死亡的贡献,韩国和日本2015年分别为4.63 (95% CI: 3.97, 5.28)和3.91 (95% CI: 2.78, 5.01)千例死亡,2017年分别为4.43 (95% CI: 3.75, 5.1)和3.69 (95% CI: 2.57, 4.79)。讨论:我们的研究结果表明,当采用不同的衡量标准和核算视角时,PM2.5污染和相关健康影响在三个国家之间的相互贡献差异很大。从消费的角度来看,相互贡献的差距比从生产的角度来看要小。此外,东北亚以外的其他国家可能在造成东北亚PM2.5污染和相关健康影响方面发挥了重要作用,这表明东北亚国家应超越本地区,与世界其他国家合作,共同制定有效的PM2.5减缓战略。我们的研究结果可以帮助中国、韩国和日本的政策制定者、学者和公众理解跨境PM2.5污染中分配环境责任和实现环境正义的复杂性。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14550
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Environmental Health Perspectives
Environmental Health Perspectives 环境科学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
14.40
自引率
2.90%
发文量
388
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) is a monthly peer-reviewed journal supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, part of the National Institutes of Health under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Its mission is to facilitate discussions on the connections between the environment and human health by publishing top-notch research and news. EHP ranks third in Public, Environmental, and Occupational Health, fourth in Toxicology, and fifth in Environmental Sciences.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信