Enhanced formulation and comprehensive analysis of novel natural ointments with grape seed and pomegranate peel infused in olive oil.

Abstract

Background/aim: The global shift toward sustainable and organic alternatives in cosmetics and personal care has created a demand for innovative and environmentally conscious formulations. This study aimed to develop novel natural ointments using beeswax and grape seed (GS) and pomegranate peel (PP) extracts infused in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), and determine the physicochemical characteristics, microbiological properties, and antioxidant activity as a way to valorize organic waste toward its application in the cosmetic industry. The research aimed to promote sustainability and effectiveness in the cosmetic industry.

Materials and methods: Microbial analysis was performed on the oils and ointments, followed by the extraction of active compounds using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The chemical profiles of the extracts were analyzed through thin-layer chromatography, while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for compound identification and quantification. In vitro assays were conducted to assess the antioxidant activity of the extracts. The physical properties of the formulated ointments (organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, water resistance, skin absorption, topical sensitivity, and stability) were evaluated for potential topical applications.

Results: The DMSO extracts from the GSs and PP-infused EVOO exhibited significant antioxidant activity. The GC-MS analysis revealed an increase in oleic acid content, ranging from 61.46% in pure EVOO to 72.49% in the infused samples, enhancing their suitability for skin health. The ointments demonstrated favorable physical properties. Microbial analysis confirmed no detectable contamination, ensuring the safety of the formulations for topical use.

Conclusion: The EVOO-based ointments enriched with GS and PP extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity, stability, water resistance, and moisturizing properties. The use of phenolic compounds and natural ingredients like beeswax and olive oil underscores the potential of agricultural byproducts in creating sustainable, ecofriendly cosmetics, with promising applications in skincare and therapy.