Fungicide seed treatments delay arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization of winter wheat in the greenhouse, but the effect is attenuated in the field.

IF 3.8 2区 生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY
Hardy Brieuc, Belvaux Eléonore, Huyghebaert Bruno, Declerck Stéphane, Calonne-Salmon Maryline
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Abstract

Seed-applied fungicides support agricultural production by controlling seed- or soil-borne diseases. However, they can impact non-target soil organisms. In this study, we investigated the effect of eight seed treatments (including two authorized for organic farming) on root colonization of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. One experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions, on a sterile substrate inoculated with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and one in field conditions, where winter wheat was colonized by native soil AM fungi. In greenhouse conditions, the six conventional seed treatments reduced root colonization five weeks after sowing. No difference with the control treatment was measured thereafter for a product containing triazole alone. In contrast, seed treatments containing fludioxonil (fungicide molecule alone or formulated with the triazole difenoconazole), and prochloraz formulated with the triazole triticonazole significantly reduced root colonization until 11 weeks after sowing. Notably, when formulated with sedaxane, the adverse effect of fludioxonil was reduced. The negative effect of seed treatments on AM fungal root colonization in field was smaller than in the greenhouse and generally not significant, with disparate results from one timestep to another. This may be related to the dilution or the degradation of the active ingredients in the soil during the winter period or AM fungal species/strain involved in symbiosis. Overall, our results outline that the direct effect of seed treatment is highly variable depending on the modes of action, half-lives and interactions between active ingredients. By contributing to highlight the undesired effects of pesticides on AM fungi (i.e., by delaying root colonization), this study pleads for a reduction of pesticide applications to encourage the rapid and efficient establishment of functional mycorrhizal symbioses.

杀菌剂种子处理延缓了冬小麦丛枝菌根真菌在温室内的定植,但在田间效果减弱。
种子用杀菌剂通过控制种子或土壤传播的疾病来支持农业生产。然而,它们可以影响非目标土壤生物。本研究研究了8种种子处理(包括两种授权有机耕作)对丛枝菌根真菌(AM)在冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)根系定殖的影响。在温室条件下,在接种AM真菌Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833的无菌基质上进行了一项试验,在田间条件下,在冬小麦上接种了本地土壤AM真菌。在温室条件下,六种常规种子处理在播种后五周减少了根定植。此后,仅含三唑的产品与对照处理无差异。相比之下,含有氟恶菌腈(单独的杀菌剂分子或与三唑二苯醚康唑配制)和与三唑三苯醚康唑配制的丙氯嗪的种子处理显著减少了播种后11周的根定植。值得注意的是,当与seddaxane配制时,减少了fludioxonil的不良影响。田间种子处理对AM真菌根定植的负面影响小于温室,且总体上不显著,不同时间步长对AM真菌根定植的影响不同。这可能与冬季土壤中有效成分的稀释或降解有关,也可能与AM真菌种类/菌株参与共生有关。总的来说,我们的结果概述了种子处理的直接效果是高度可变的,这取决于作用模式,半衰期和活性成分之间的相互作用。通过强调农药对AM真菌的不良影响(即通过延迟根定植),本研究呼吁减少农药的使用,以鼓励快速有效地建立功能性菌根共生。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Mycorrhiza
Mycorrhiza 生物-真菌学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
2.60%
发文量
40
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Mycorrhiza is an international journal devoted to research into mycorrhizas - the widest symbioses in nature, involving plants and a range of soil fungi world-wide. The scope of Mycorrhiza covers all aspects of research into mycorrhizas, including molecular biology of the plants and fungi, fungal systematics, development and structure of mycorrhizas, and effects on plant physiology, productivity, reproduction and disease resistance. The scope also includes interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and other soil organisms and effects of mycorrhizas on plant biodiversity and ecosystem structure. Mycorrhiza contains original papers, short notes and review articles, along with commentaries and news items. It forms a platform for new concepts and discussions, and is a basis for a truly international forum of mycorrhizologists from all over the world.
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