Bleeding pattern in the early phase after experimental rotational acceleration induced traumatic brain injury.

IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL
Daniel Andersson, Kanar Alkass, Julia Anna Mielcarz, Johan Davidsson, Henrik Druid
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Abstract

Lethal rotational acceleration induced injury to the brain may leave few detectable intracerebral injuries if the survival time is short. Eighty-two Sprague Dawley rats were utilized in a validated model for standardized rotational acceleration traumatic brain injury to investigate the number and area of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhages. The rats were divided into groups with survival times of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 60 min with equal amounts of experimental and sham operated rats in each group. In addition, a "postmortem" group of rats were euthanizied 5 min before the trauma and samples collected 5 min after the trauma. From all rats, hemispheres were collected, cut and double stained with immunohistochemistry with anti-collagen IV and anti-hemoglobin. Brains from the 20- and 60-minutes groups were stained with immunohistochemistry for amyloid precursor protein beta. The 2 rats with the most and 2 rats with the least intracerebral hemorrhages from all time points were stained for fibrinogen and P-selectin. The group that sustained trauma postmortem and all sham operated rats showed either no bleedings or only a few, minimal, isolated hemorrhages. All other experimental groups showed widespread subarachnoid hemorrhages and few and small intracerebral hemorrhages. The hemorrhages were observed immediately after the rotational brain injury and did not change in number or size during the first hour. Amyloid precursor protein beta staining did not show any convincing axonal accumulation. Fibrinogen and P-selectin showed signs of hemostasis in all antemortem trauma groups. Our conclusion is that hemorrhages from rotatory traumatic brain injury develops immediately upon trauma and do not change during the first hour.

实验性旋转加速度致外伤性脑损伤后早期出血模式。
在生存时间较短的情况下,致命的旋转加速度引起的脑损伤可能很少留下可检测到的脑内损伤。采用82只Sprague Dawley大鼠建立标准旋转加速颅脑损伤模型,观察蛛网膜下腔出血和脑出血的数量和面积。将大鼠分为生存时间0、5、10、20、60 min组,每组等量实验大鼠和假手术大鼠。此外,在创伤前5分钟对一组“死后”大鼠实施安乐死,并在创伤后5分钟采集样本。收集所有大鼠的大脑半球,切开并用抗IV型胶原蛋白和抗血红蛋白免疫组化双重染色。20分钟和60分钟组的大脑用免疫组织化学染色检测淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白β。各时间点脑出血最多和最少的2只大鼠分别进行纤维蛋白原和p选择素染色。死后遭受创伤的那一组和所有假手术的大鼠要么没有出血,要么只有少量的、微小的、孤立的出血。其余实验组均有广泛的蛛网膜下腔出血和少量脑出血。在旋转脑损伤后立即观察到出血,并且在第一个小时内出血的数量和大小没有变化。淀粉样前体蛋白β染色未显示任何令人信服的轴突积累。所有死前外伤组纤维蛋白原和p选择素均有止血迹象。我们的结论是,旋转性创伤性脑损伤的出血在创伤后立即发生,并且在第一个小时内不会改变。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
9.50%
发文量
165
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Legal Medicine aims to improve the scientific resources used in the elucidation of crime and related forensic applications at a high level of evidential proof. The journal offers review articles tracing development in specific areas, with up-to-date analysis; original articles discussing significant recent research results; case reports describing interesting and exceptional examples; population data; letters to the editors; and technical notes, which appear in a section originally created for rapid publication of data in the dynamic field of DNA analysis.
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