{"title":"Sex Differences in Obesity and Its Treatment.","authors":"Aleena Ghanta, Elizabeth Wilson, Ariana M Chao","doi":"10.1007/s11920-025-01601-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Researchers and clinicians have increasingly recognized the importance of investigating and considering sex differences in obesity treatment. In this narrative review, we first summarized sex differences in select obesity-related conditions that have been the focus of studies of second-generation anti-obesity medications (i.e., semaglutide and tirzepatide) including type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, knee osteoarthritis, and heart failure. We next described sex differences related to obesity treatments with a focus on the second-generation anti-obesity medications, semaglutide and tirzepatide.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, knee osteoarthritis, and heart failure demonstrated sex-specific pathways influenced by factors such as hormones and body composition. Lifestyle modification, on average, resulted in larger weight losses in males. In contrast, second-generation AOMs produced higher mean weight losses among females. Females reported more adverse events (e.g., nausea, vomiting) with second-generation anti-obesity medications. The few studies that have performed analyses of changes in obesity-related comorbidities stratified by sex have shown consistent improvements between males and females in heart failure and cardiovascular outcomes. Studies are needed to evaluate the effect of sex on the efficacy of anti-obesity medications including on mental health, investigate the mechanisms underlying these effects, and develop interventions to improve the availability and access of these medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":" ","pages":"278-285"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Psychiatry Reports","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-025-01601-z","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/3/18 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PSYCHIATRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose of review: Researchers and clinicians have increasingly recognized the importance of investigating and considering sex differences in obesity treatment. In this narrative review, we first summarized sex differences in select obesity-related conditions that have been the focus of studies of second-generation anti-obesity medications (i.e., semaglutide and tirzepatide) including type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, knee osteoarthritis, and heart failure. We next described sex differences related to obesity treatments with a focus on the second-generation anti-obesity medications, semaglutide and tirzepatide.
Recent findings: Type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, knee osteoarthritis, and heart failure demonstrated sex-specific pathways influenced by factors such as hormones and body composition. Lifestyle modification, on average, resulted in larger weight losses in males. In contrast, second-generation AOMs produced higher mean weight losses among females. Females reported more adverse events (e.g., nausea, vomiting) with second-generation anti-obesity medications. The few studies that have performed analyses of changes in obesity-related comorbidities stratified by sex have shown consistent improvements between males and females in heart failure and cardiovascular outcomes. Studies are needed to evaluate the effect of sex on the efficacy of anti-obesity medications including on mental health, investigate the mechanisms underlying these effects, and develop interventions to improve the availability and access of these medications.
期刊介绍：
This journal aims to review the most important, recently published research in psychiatry. By providing clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to serve all those involved in the care of those affected by psychiatric disorders.
We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as anxiety, medicopsychiatric disorders, and schizophrenia and other related psychotic disorders. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided.
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