Sex Differences in Obesity and Its Treatment.

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Current Psychiatry Reports Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI:10.1007/s11920-025-01601-z

Aleena Ghanta, Elizabeth Wilson, Ariana M Chao

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Abstract

Purpose of review: Researchers and clinicians have increasingly recognized the importance of investigating and considering sex differences in obesity treatment. In this narrative review, we first summarized sex differences in select obesity-related conditions that have been the focus of studies of second-generation anti-obesity medications (i.e., semaglutide and tirzepatide) including type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, knee osteoarthritis, and heart failure. We next described sex differences related to obesity treatments with a focus on the second-generation anti-obesity medications, semaglutide and tirzepatide.

Recent findings: Type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, knee osteoarthritis, and heart failure demonstrated sex-specific pathways influenced by factors such as hormones and body composition. Lifestyle modification, on average, resulted in larger weight losses in males. In contrast, second-generation AOMs produced higher mean weight losses among females. Females reported more adverse events (e.g., nausea, vomiting) with second-generation anti-obesity medications. The few studies that have performed analyses of changes in obesity-related comorbidities stratified by sex have shown consistent improvements between males and females in heart failure and cardiovascular outcomes. Studies are needed to evaluate the effect of sex on the efficacy of anti-obesity medications including on mental health, investigate the mechanisms underlying these effects, and develop interventions to improve the availability and access of these medications.

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肥胖的性别差异及其治疗。

综述目的：研究人员和临床医生越来越认识到调查和考虑肥胖治疗中的性别差异的重要性。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们首先总结了肥胖相关疾病的性别差异，这些疾病一直是第二代抗肥胖药物（即西马鲁肽和替西帕肽）研究的重点，包括2型糖尿病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停、膝骨关节炎和心力衰竭。接下来，我们描述了与肥胖治疗相关的性别差异，重点是第二代抗肥胖药物，西马鲁肽和替西帕肽。最近的研究发现：2型糖尿病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停、膝骨关节炎和心力衰竭显示出受激素和身体成分等因素影响的性别特异性途径。平均而言，生活方式的改变导致男性体重减轻的幅度更大。相比之下，第二代AOMs在女性中产生了更高的平均体重减轻。使用第二代抗肥胖药物的女性报告了更多的不良事件（如恶心、呕吐）。对肥胖相关合并症的变化进行了性别分层分析的少数研究显示，男性和女性在心力衰竭和心血管结局方面有一致的改善。需要研究评估性别对抗肥胖药物疗效的影响，包括对心理健康的影响，调查这些影响的机制，并制定干预措施以改善这些药物的可得性和可及性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Psychiatry Reports PSYCHIATRY-

CiteScore

11.30

自引率

3.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： This journal aims to review the most important, recently published research in psychiatry. By providing clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to serve all those involved in the care of those affected by psychiatric disorders. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as anxiety, medicopsychiatric disorders, and schizophrenia and other related psychotic disorders. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided.