Rational mpox vaccine design: immunogenicity and protective effect of individual and multicomponent proteins in mice.

IF 8.4 2区医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY

Emerging Microbes & Infections Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI:10.1080/22221751.2025.2482702

Xueting Cheng, Yawei Wang, Baoying Huang, Jialuo Bing, Tangqi Wang, Ruiwen Han, Shuting Huo, Shucai Sun, Li Zhao, Chang Shu, Yao Deng, Wenjie Tan

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Abstract

The 2022 global mpox virus (MPXV) outbreak highlights the urgent need for safer, next-generation vaccines. We compared the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of individual and multicomponent membrane proteins of MPXV virions in mice to inform the development of a recombinant subunit vaccine against mpox. BALB/c mice were immunized with eukaryotically expressed A35R, A29L, B6R, and M1R proteins, administered individually or in multicomponent combinations with an Al(OH)₃ + CpG oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant. Three multicomponent protein vaccines (A29/B6, A29/B6/M1, and A29/B6/M1/A35) provided complete protection, but others (individual protein and A35/M1 combinations) provided partial protection against challenge with high-lethal doses of vaccinia virus Western Reserve (VACV-WR). Additionally, A29/B6 conferred partial protection, whereas A29/B6/M1 and A29/B6/M1/A35 provided complete protection against ectromelia virus (ECTV), with A29/B6/M1 being most effective. All vaccines induced strong antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and cellular immunity, whereas only four (M1, A35/M1, A29/B6/M1, A29/B6/M1/A35) exhibited significant neutralizing activity against MPXV, VACV-Tiantan, and ECTV. Correlation analysis suggested that neutralizing antibodies and A35-/A29-/B6-specific cellular immunity act as complementary defense mechanisms, potentially providing first- and second-line protection against MPXV and related orthopoxviruses. Collectively, A29/B6/M1 demonstrated the best protective efficacy. This study provides novel insights into immunogen optimization and potential mechanisms for the development of vaccines against MPXV and other orthopoxviruses.

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合理的 mpox 疫苗设计：单个和多组分蛋白在小鼠体内的免疫原性和保护效果。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Emerging Microbes & Infections IMMUNOLOGY-MICROBIOLOGY

CiteScore

26.20

自引率

2.30%

发文量

276

审稿时长

20 weeks

期刊介绍： Emerging Microbes & Infections is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to publishing research at the intersection of emerging immunology and microbiology viruses. The journal's mission is to share information on microbes and infections, particularly those gaining significance in both biological and clinical realms due to increased pathogenic frequency. Emerging Microbes & Infections is committed to bridging the scientific gap between developed and developing countries. This journal addresses topics of critical biological and clinical importance, including but not limited to: - Epidemic surveillance - Clinical manifestations - Diagnosis and management - Cellular and molecular pathogenesis - Innate and acquired immune responses between emerging microbes and their hosts - Drug discovery - Vaccine development research Emerging Microbes & Infections invites submissions of original research articles, review articles, letters, and commentaries, fostering a platform for the dissemination of impactful research in the field.