Neural induction: New insight into the default model and an extended four-step model in vertebrate embryos.

IF 2 3区 生物学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY
Mohsen Sagha
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Neural induction is a process by which naïve ectodermal cells differentiate into neural progenitor cells through the inhibition of BMP signaling, a condition typically considered the "default" state in vertebrate embryos. Studies in vertebrate embryos indicate that active FGF/MAPK signaling reduces BMP signaling to facilitate neural induction. Consequently, I propose that FGF stimulation/BMP inhibition more accurately characterizes the default model. Initially, the neuroectoderm is instructed to differentiate into anterior forebrain tissue, with cranial signals stabilizing this outcome. Subsequently, a gradient of caudalizing signals converts the neuroectodermal cells into posterior midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord. Furthermore, at the caudal end of the embryo, neuromesodermal progenitor cells are destined to differentiate into both neural progenitor cells and mesodermal cells, aiding in body extension. In light of these observations, I suggest incorporating an additional step, elongation, into the conventional three-step model of neural induction. This updated model encompasses activation, stabilization, transformation, and elongation.

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来源期刊
Developmental Dynamics
Developmental Dynamics 生物-发育生物学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
8.00%
发文量
116
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Developmental Dynamics, is an official publication of the American Association for Anatomy. This peer reviewed journal provides an international forum for publishing novel discoveries, using any model system, that advances our understanding of development, morphology, form and function, evolution, disease, stem cells, repair and regeneration.
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