Neural induction: New insight into the default model and an extended four-step model in vertebrate embryos.

IF 2 3区 生物学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY
Mohsen Sagha
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Neural induction is a process by which naïve ectodermal cells differentiate into neural progenitor cells through the inhibition of BMP signaling, a condition typically considered the "default" state in vertebrate embryos. Studies in vertebrate embryos indicate that active FGF/MAPK signaling reduces BMP signaling to facilitate neural induction. Consequently, I propose that FGF stimulation/BMP inhibition more accurately characterizes the default model. Initially, the neuroectoderm is instructed to differentiate into anterior forebrain tissue, with cranial signals stabilizing this outcome. Subsequently, a gradient of caudalizing signals converts the neuroectodermal cells into posterior midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord. Furthermore, at the caudal end of the embryo, neuromesodermal progenitor cells are destined to differentiate into both neural progenitor cells and mesodermal cells, aiding in body extension. In light of these observations, I suggest incorporating an additional step, elongation, into the conventional three-step model of neural induction. This updated model encompasses activation, stabilization, transformation, and elongation.

神经诱导:对脊椎动物胚胎默认模型和扩展四步模型的新见解。
神经诱导是naïve外胚层细胞通过抑制BMP信号分化为神经祖细胞的过程,这种情况通常被认为是脊椎动物胚胎的“默认”状态。在脊椎动物胚胎中的研究表明,活跃的FGF/MAPK信号可以减少BMP信号,从而促进神经诱导。因此,我认为FGF刺激/BMP抑制更准确地表征了默认模型。最初,神经外胚层被指示分化为前脑组织,颅信号稳定这一结果。随后,尾状信号的梯度将神经外胚层细胞转化为后中脑、后脑和脊髓。此外,在胚胎的尾端,神经中胚层祖细胞注定分化为神经祖细胞和中胚层细胞,有助于身体伸展。根据这些观察,我建议在传统的神经诱导三步模型中加入一个额外的步骤,延伸。这个更新的模型包括激活,稳定,转化和延伸。
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来源期刊
Developmental Dynamics
Developmental Dynamics 生物-发育生物学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
8.00%
发文量
116
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Developmental Dynamics, is an official publication of the American Association for Anatomy. This peer reviewed journal provides an international forum for publishing novel discoveries, using any model system, that advances our understanding of development, morphology, form and function, evolution, disease, stem cells, repair and regeneration.
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