On-Demand Removal of Rapid Hemostatic Sponge for Non-Compressible Hemorrhage Through Disrupting Ionic Bonds.

Abstract

Self-expanding hemostatic sponge plays an important role in the control of non-compressible hemorrhage in deep wound. After hemostasis is accomplished, the sponge adheres to the wound via blood clots, posing a considerable challenge in wound debridement. A kind of protocatechualdehyde modified chitosan/sodium alginate composite hemostatic sponge with on-demand removal performance is designed in this study. After absorbing blood, the compression sponge rapidly expands and compresses the damaged blood vessels. The physical compression of the hemostatic sponge and the chemical adhesion of catechol is used to promote rapid hemostasis of the wound. The composite hemostatic sponge demonstrated outstanding hemostasis performance in both mouse liver and rat femoral artery bleeding model. Notably, after complete hemostasis of the rat femoral artery, the composite sponge is rapidly removed from the wound by rinsing it with a suitable concentration of Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) solution. This composite hemostatic sponge featuring the on-demand removal capability demonstrates outstanding application potential for non-compressible hemorrhage in deep wounds and provides a novel way for constructing removable hemostatic sponges.