In Situ Atmospheric Plume Thermometry via Carbon Monoxide Spectral Profile: Laboratory and Field Validation

Abstract

For small molecules with large rotational constants, knowing the relative intensities of the ro-vibrational transitions can be used to determine the temperature within a gas plume. We demonstrate the use of carbon monoxide (CO) as an in situ spectroscopic probe of gas plume temperature by application of both laboratory and standoff Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to monitor the CO spectral response at different temperatures. The measured CO rotational contours were analyzed using a simple Boltzmann model to deduce the population distribution of the J-levels, from which the in-plume temperature is deduced. The method was vetted by comparing calculated temperatures to both static laboratory measurements of known temperatures, as well as field measurements using a simulated smokestack release. The calculated and laboratory values agreed to within 1 °C. For the smokestack experiments, the spectroscopically deduced temperatures were compared to readings from a series of thermocouples placed at strategically sampled distances along the plume trajectory. Both the spectroscopically derived as well as the thermocouple-measured temperatures revealed a rapid cooling of the plume, with the infrared thermometry values displaying greater temperature values which are believed to better represent the actual plume temperatures.