Novel NIBS in psychiatry: Unveiling TUS and TI for research and treatment.

Brain and neuroscience advances Pub Date : 2025-03-14 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1177/23982128251322241
Faissal Sharif, Catherine J Harmer, Miriam C Klein-Flügge, Huiling Tan
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Abstract

Mental disorders pose a significant global burden and constitute a major cause of disability worldwide. Despite strides in treatment, a substantial number of patients do not respond adequately, underscoring the urgency for innovative approaches. Traditional non-invasive brain stimulation techniques show promise, yet grapple with challenges regarding efficacy and specificity. Variations in mechanistic understanding and reliability among non-invasive brain stimulation methods are common, with limited spatial precision and physical constraints hindering the ability to target subcortical areas often implicated in the disease aetiology. Novel techniques such as transcranial ultrasonic stimulation and temporal interference stimulation have gained notable momentum in recent years, possibly addressing these shortcomings. Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) offers exceptional spatial precision and deeper penetration compared with conventional electrical and magnetic stimulation techniques. Studies targeting a diverse array of brain regions have shown its potential to affect neuronal excitability, functional connectivity and symptoms of psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder. Nevertheless, challenges such as target planning and addressing acoustic interactions with the skull must be tackled for its widespread adoption in research and potentially clinical settings. Similar to transcranial ultrasonic stimulation, temporal interference (TI) stimulation offers the potential to target deeper subcortical areas compared with traditional non-invasive brain stimulation, albeit requiring a comparatively higher current for equivalent neural effects. Promising yet still sparse research highlights TI's potential to selectively modulate neuronal activity, showing potential for its utility in psychiatry. Overall, recent strides in non-invasive brain stimulation methods like transcranial ultrasonic stimulation and temporal interference stimulation not only open new research avenues but also hold potential as effective treatments in psychiatry. However, realising their full potential necessitates addressing practical challenges and optimising their application effectively.

精神病学的新NIBS:揭示研究和治疗的TUS和TI。
精神障碍是一个重大的全球负担,是全世界残疾的一个主要原因。尽管在治疗方面取得了长足的进步,但相当多的患者没有充分的反应,这强调了创新方法的紧迫性。传统的非侵入性脑刺激技术显示出前景,但在疗效和特异性方面仍面临挑战。非侵入性脑刺激方法在机制理解和可靠性方面的差异是常见的,有限的空间精度和物理限制阻碍了靶向通常与疾病病因有关的皮层下区域的能力。近年来,经颅超声刺激和颞干涉刺激等新技术取得了显著的发展势头,可能解决了这些缺点。与传统的电刺激和磁刺激技术相比,经颅超声刺激(TUS)具有卓越的空间精度和更深的穿透性。针对多种大脑区域的研究表明,它有可能影响神经元兴奋性、功能连通性和精神疾病(如重度抑郁症)的症状。然而,为了在研究和潜在的临床环境中广泛采用,必须解决诸如目标规划和解决与头骨的声学相互作用等挑战。与经颅超声刺激类似,与传统的非侵入性脑刺激相比,颞干扰(TI)刺激具有靶向更深皮层下区域的潜力,尽管需要相对较高的电流才能达到等效的神经效果。有希望但仍然稀少的研究强调了TI选择性调节神经元活动的潜力,显示了其在精神病学中的应用潜力。总的来说,近年来在非侵入性脑刺激方法如经颅超声刺激和颞干扰刺激方面取得的进展不仅开辟了新的研究途径,而且在精神病学的有效治疗方面具有潜力。然而,充分发挥其潜力需要解决实际挑战并有效优化其应用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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