Sleep-related breathing disorders in children with spina bifida.

Abstract

PurposeThe objective of this article was to explore the prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) in children with spina bifida and specifically myelomeningocele (MMC).SummarySRBDs, including obstructive and central sleep apnea, hypoventilation, and hypoxia, are prevalent in children with spina bifida, particularly those with MMC. This high prevalence, ranging from 40% to 80%, is often attributed to brainstem abnormalities, upper airway dysfunction, and restrictive lung disease. Despite the general efficacy of treatments like adenotonsillectomy in typical pediatric populations, these interventions show lower success rates in children with spina bifida. Comprehensive polysomnography is crucial for accurate diagnosis due to the atypical presentation of symptoms. Management strategies include surgical interventions, supplemental oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, and, in severe cases, tracheostomy. A multidisciplinary approach involving various specialties is essential for optimal care and improved outcomes.ConclusionEarly diagnosis through polysomnography and a multidisciplinary management strategy are critical for effectively treating SRBDs in children with spina bifida, aiming to mitigate associated comorbidities and enhance overall quality of life.