Low-carbohydrate diet in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review

IF 2.9 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Clinical nutrition ESPEN Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.009

Sabrina Soares de S. Sousa, Erick Santos Nery, Fernando M.A. Giuffrida

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

The treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) consists of applying insulins with different action profiles and ingesting known amounts of nutrients from the diet. Although there is no specific recommendation regarding the distribution of these macronutrients, low-carbohydrate (LC) diets seem to show promise in some types of diabetes, but their role in T1D is still controversial, given the potential glycemic improvement, but with the concurrent possibility of changes in other parameters such as lipids. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the metabolic effects of these diets on T1D.

Methods

A systematic review in PubMed, Embase, and Lilacs with publications from the last 10 years was used as a data source.

Results

Nine clinical trials were included. We have found LC diet to be associated with increased time in range in continuous glucose monitoring (+5.68 %, p = 0.01); decreased time below range (−0.53 %, p = 0.01 with 54 mg/dL threshold and −2.28 %; p = 0.01 with 70 mg/dL threshold), coefficient of variation (−5.51 %; p = 0.01), total insulin daily dose (−8.39 %; p = 0.01), and systolic blood pressure (−4.83 mmHg, p = 0.04).

Conclusions

LC diets show potential benefit in metabolic control of people living with T1D, warranting the design of future robust clinical trials.

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来源期刊

Clinical nutrition ESPEN NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

3.30%

发文量

512

期刊介绍： Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is an electronic-only journal and is an official publication of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). Nutrition and nutritional care have gained wide clinical and scientific interest during the past decades. The increasing knowledge of metabolic disturbances and nutritional assessment in chronic and acute diseases has stimulated rapid advances in design, development and clinical application of nutritional support. The aims of ESPEN are to encourage the rapid diffusion of knowledge and its application in the field of clinical nutrition and metabolism. Published bimonthly, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN focuses on publishing articles on the relationship between nutrition and disease in the setting of basic science and clinical practice. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is available to all members of ESPEN and to all subscribers of Clinical Nutrition.