Toward a Global Science of Conservation Genomics: Coldspots in Genomic Resources Highlight a Need for Equitable Collaborations and Capacity Building.

Abstract

Advances in genomic sequencing have magnified our understanding of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms relevant to biodiversity conservation. As a result, the field of conservation genomics has grown rapidly. Genomic data can be effective in guiding conservation decisions by revealing fine-scale patterns of genetic diversity and adaptation. Adaptive potential, sometimes referred to as evolutionary potential, is particularly informative for conservation due to its inverse relationship with extinction risk. Yet, global coldspots in genomic resources impede progress toward conservation goals. We undertook a systematic literature review to characterise the global distribution of genomic resources for amphibians and reptiles relative to species richness, IUCN status, and predicted global change. We classify the scope of available genomic resources by their potential applicability to global change. Finally, we examine global patterns of collaborations in genomic studies. Our findings underscore current priorities for expanding genomic resources, especially those aimed at predicting adaptive potential to future environmental change. Our results also highlight the need for improved global collaborations in genomic research, resource sharing, and capacity building in the Global South.