Construction of waste-modified biochar as a means for the efficient removal of BDE209 from soil via microwaves: A novel low-toxicity degradation pathway

IF 7.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI:10.1016/j.jece.2025.116173

Yang Luo, Qintie Lin, Yuxin Liu, Junli Zheng, Chen Zeng, Yajie Wu, Jieyi Pan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Compared with decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209), low-brominated diphenyl ethers have greater toxicity. Efficient and green degradation of BDE209 in soil remains a great challenge. In this work, a microwave catalytic material (ZFO-PBC) was synthesized by recycling and phosphoric acid-modified biochar (PBC) from abandoned buildings via the treatment process. The combination of ZnFe₂O₄ with PBC enhanced the magnetic and reflection losses of the material in the microwave field, which improved the microwave absorption and electron transfer capabilities and accelerated the generation of active substances. The ZFO-PBC/MW/PDS system exhibited excellent oxidation performance (91.5 % degradation of BDE209 in 5 min) and pH tolerance. BDE209 was degraded by singlet oxygen (¹O₂), superoxide radical (O₂^•−), and electron transfer mechanisms. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS and GCMS) analyses revealed that the ether bonds in BDE209 were unstable under microwave conditions and were prone to breakage to form bromophenolics. This process avoids the production of lower brominated biphenyl ethers, which greatly reduces the toxicity of byproducts during the degradation of BDE209. This study presents a "waste for waste" research idea, which provides new technologies and ideas for the recycling of biochar from construction waste and the green degradation of BDE209 in soil.

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构建垃圾改性生物炭作为微波有效去除土壤中BDE209的手段：一种新的低毒降解途径

与十溴联苯醚（BDE209）相比，低溴联苯醚具有更大的毒性。BDE209在土壤中的高效绿色降解仍然是一个巨大的挑战。本研究以废弃建筑为原料，通过处理工艺回收和磷酸改性生物炭（PBC），合成了微波催化材料ZFO-PBC。ZnFe2O4与PBC的结合增强了材料在微波场中的磁性和反射损耗，提高了材料的微波吸收和电子转移能力，加速了活性物质的生成。ZFO-PBC/MW/PDS体系具有优异的氧化性能（5 min内BDE209降解率为91.5 %）和耐pH性。BDE209通过单线态氧（1O2）、超氧自由基（O2•−）和电子转移机制降解。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算、液相和气相色谱-质谱（LCMS和GCMS）分析表明，BDE209的醚键在微波条件下不稳定，容易断裂形成溴酚类化合物。该工艺避免了低溴联苯醚的产生，大大降低了降解BDE209过程中副产物的毒性。本研究提出了“废转废”的研究思路，为建筑垃圾生物炭的资源化利用和土壤中BDE209的绿色降解提供了新的技术和思路。

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来源期刊

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering Environmental Science-Pollution

CiteScore

11.40

自引率

6.50%

发文量

2017

审稿时长

27 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering (JECE) serves as a platform for the dissemination of original and innovative research focusing on the advancement of environmentally-friendly, sustainable technologies. JECE emphasizes the transition towards a carbon-neutral circular economy and a self-sufficient bio-based economy. Topics covered include soil, water, wastewater, and air decontamination; pollution monitoring, prevention, and control; advanced analytics, sensors, impact and risk assessment methodologies in environmental chemical engineering; resource recovery (water, nutrients, materials, energy); industrial ecology; valorization of waste streams; waste management (including e-waste); climate-water-energy-food nexus; novel materials for environmental, chemical, and energy applications; sustainability and environmental safety; water digitalization, water data science, and machine learning; process integration and intensification; recent developments in green chemistry for synthesis, catalysis, and energy; and original research on contaminants of emerging concern, persistent chemicals, and priority substances, including microplastics, nanoplastics, nanomaterials, micropollutants, antimicrobial resistance genes, and emerging pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites) of environmental significance.