Comparative analysis of in vitro antioxidant and wound healing activities of Indian paalai plant extracts and investigation of their phytochemical profile by GC-MS

Sathiyan Niranjana , Anantha Udupa Prarthana , Aiswarya Ganapathisankarakrishnan , Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi , Vellingiri Vadivel
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Abstract

Wound healing refers to the natural physiological process comprising four overlapping phases through which the body restores damaged tissues following an injury. One of the factors that affect wound healing is oxidative stress caused by excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conventional wound care often includes the use of antibiotics and antiseptics. However, they do not act specifically against oxidative stress and also pose a significant risk for allergies and irritations, highlighting the necessity for alternative treatment approaches. Phytomedicines, such as vetpaalai thailam derived from Wrightia tinctoria leaves, offer promising alternatives for wound healing in Indian system of medicine. While vetpaalai has been traditionally used for this purpose, other plants with similar nomenclature in local Tamil language, including Alstonia scholaris (Ezhilaipaalai), Argyreia nervosa (Kadarpaalai), Aristolochia bracteolata (Aadutheendapaalai), Holarrhena pubescens (Kudasapaalai) and Manilkara hexandra (Ulakaipaalai), remain unexplored in this regard. Therefore, in this project the antioxidant and wound healing activities of various paalai plants were assessed through in vitro assays. The ROS scavenging activity, cytotoxicity and cell proliferation properties of paalai plant extracts were compared to understand their wound healing potential. Extracts of paalai plants demonstrated better antioxidant activity compared to their respective oils in each sample. Among extracts, M. hexandra recorded superior antioxidant activity, demonstrated cytotoxic effects on cells and did not promote scratch closure, suggesting limitations in its potential for wound healing applications. Alternatively, A. nervosa and A. scholaris extracts exhibited better antioxidant activity, enhanced scratch (wound) closure, and demonstrated safety, indicating their potential wound healing efficacy. Among the investigated paalai plants, extracts of A. nervosa and A. scholaris were found to possess promising activity to reduce the oxidative stress and promote cell migration and proliferation based on in vitro wound healing studies. Additional research is necessary to investigate their precise mechanisms and development of potential commercial products for wound healing.
伤口愈合是指人体在受伤后恢复受损组织的自然生理过程,包括四个相互重叠的阶段。影响伤口愈合的因素之一是活性氧(ROS)过度释放造成的氧化应激。传统的伤口护理通常包括使用抗生素和杀菌剂。然而,这些药物并不能专门对抗氧化应激,还会带来过敏和刺激的巨大风险,这就凸显了采用替代治疗方法的必要性。在印度医学体系中,植物药(如从 Wrightia tinctoria 叶子中提取的 vetpaalai thailam)为伤口愈合提供了前景广阔的替代疗法。虽然 vetpaalai 在传统上一直被用于此目的,但在当地泰米尔语中具有类似命名的其他植物,包括 Alstonia scholaris(Ezhilaipaalai)、Argyreia nervosa(Kadarpaalai)、Aristolochia bracteolata(Aadutheendapaalai)、Holarrhena pubescens(Kudasapaalai)和 Manilkara hexandra(Ulakaipaalai),在这方面仍未得到开发。因此,本项目通过体外试验评估了各种 paalai 植物的抗氧化和伤口愈合活性。通过比较 paalai 植物提取物的 ROS 清除活性、细胞毒性和细胞增殖特性,了解它们的伤口愈合潜力。在每个样本中,paalai 植物萃取物的抗氧化活性都优于各自的精油。在各种萃取物中,M. hexandra 的抗氧化活性更强,但对细胞有细胞毒性作用,而且不能促进划痕闭合,这表明它在伤口愈合方面的应用潜力有限。另外,A. nervosa 和 A. scholaris 提取物表现出更好的抗氧化活性,增强了划痕(伤口)闭合,并显示出安全性,这表明它们具有潜在的伤口愈合功效。根据体外伤口愈合研究发现,在所调查的 Paalai 植物中,神经箭毒属和学者箭毒属提取物具有降低氧化应激、促进细胞迁移和增殖的良好活性。有必要开展更多研究,以探究其确切机制,并开发出潜在的伤口愈合商业产品。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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