Low-carbohydrate diet macronutrient quality and depression symptoms among US adults

IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Chengxiang Hu , Beibei Han , Yue He , Rong Huang , Xiaoting Fan , Jia Lan , Yanan Ma , Lina Jin
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

The association between the quality of low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and depression symptoms remains underexplored. This study investigates the effects of LCDs on depression symptoms, with a specific focus on distinguishing the quality and quantity of macronutrients.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 28,791 participants aged ≥20 were involved. Three LCD scores were constructed based the quality and quantity of macronutrients: overall LCDs (OLCDs), healthy LCDs (HLCDs: characterized by reduced intake of low-quality carbohydrates [e.g., refined sugars], higher plant-based proteins, and unsaturated fats), and unhealthy LCDs (ULCDs: characterized by reduced intake of high-quality carbohydrates [e.g., whole grains], higher animal proteins, and saturated fats). The associations between LCD patterns and depression symptoms were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression model was used to estimate the dose–response relationship.

Results

Comparing extreme quartiles of HLCDs, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95 % CI) for depression was 0.70 (0.57, 0.86) (P-trend <0.001). No statistical significance was observed in ULCDs and depression symptoms. Non-linear relationships were identified for OLCDs (P-non-linear = 0.017), HLCDs (P-non-linear <0.001), with depression symptoms.

Conclusion

Macronutrient quality modifies LCD-depression associations, with healthier patterns showing inverse correlations. Our finding indicates inverse association between HLCDs and depression risk. Further longitudinal or interventional studies are required to validate these findings and explore mechanistic pathways.
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来源期刊
Journal of psychiatric research
Journal of psychiatric research 医学-精神病学
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
2.10%
发文量
622
审稿时长
130 days
期刊介绍: Founded in 1961 to report on the latest work in psychiatry and cognate disciplines, the Journal of Psychiatric Research is dedicated to innovative and timely studies of four important areas of research: (1) clinical studies of all disciplines relating to psychiatric illness, as well as normal human behaviour, including biochemical, physiological, genetic, environmental, social, psychological and epidemiological factors; (2) basic studies pertaining to psychiatry in such fields as neuropsychopharmacology, neuroendocrinology, electrophysiology, genetics, experimental psychology and epidemiology; (3) the growing application of clinical laboratory techniques in psychiatry, including imagery and spectroscopy of the brain, molecular biology and computer sciences;
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