Zinc-Doped Antibacterial Coating as a Single Approach to Unlock Multifunctional and Highly Resistant Titanium Implant Surfaces

IF 8.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI:10.1021/acsami.4c21875

Samuel S. Malheiros, Maria Helena R. Borges, Elidiane C. Rangel, Carlos A Fortulan, Nilson C. da Cruz, Valentim A. R. Barao, Bruna E. Nagay

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Abstract

Failures of dental and orthopedic implants due to microbial colonization, corrosion, and insufficient osseointegration remain persistent clinical challenges. Current implant surface coatings often lack the mechanical robustness needed for long-term success. Therefore, this study developed zinc (Zn)-doped coatings on titanium implants via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), achieving 11 at % Zn incorporation primarily as zinc oxide (ZnO). The Zn-doped coatings were primarily composed of zinc, calcium, phosphorus, and oxygen, displaying moderate roughness (∼1 μm), hydrophilic behavior, and high crystallinity with anatase and rutile phases. Tribological tests demonstrated over a 50% reduction in mass loss, while electrochemical tests confirmed significantly enhanced corrosion resistance of Zn-doped coating with higher open circuit potential values, larger Nyquist plot semicircles, and higher impedance values at low frequencies compared to controls (p < 0.05). The Zn-doped coatings also showed superior antimicrobial efficacy, reducing Streptococcus sanguinis viability, completely inhibiting Escherichia coli growth, and reducing biofilm biomass by over 60%, which may be related to the sustained Zn release (∼6 μg/cm²) over 7 days. Enhanced bioactivity was evidenced by greater protein adsorption, increased hydroxyapatite formation, and improved preosteoblastic cell metabolism and morphology. Ex vivo analyses confirmed coating mechanical stability, without morphological or chemical impairment, during implant insertion and removal from bovine rib bone, with increased implant stability quotient (ISQ) values, indicating benefits in poor bone quality. These findings highlight the significant promise of Zn-doped plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings for advancing dental and orthopedic implant technology, offering enhanced longevity, antimicrobial defense, and improved bioactivity to optimize clinical outcomes.

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锌掺杂抗菌涂层作为解锁多功能和高抗性钛植入物表面的单一途径

牙科和整形外科植入物因微生物定植、腐蚀和骨结合不足而失效，这仍是长期存在的临床难题。目前的种植体表面涂层往往缺乏长期成功所需的机械坚固性。因此，本研究通过等离子电解氧化（PEO）在钛植入体上开发了掺锌涂层，主要以氧化锌（ZnO）的形式实现了 11% 的锌掺入。掺杂锌的涂层主要由锌、钙、磷和氧组成，具有中等粗糙度（1 μm）、亲水性和高结晶度（锐钛矿相和金红石相）。摩擦学测试表明，与对照组相比，掺锌涂层的质量损失减少了 50%以上；电化学测试表明，与对照组相比，掺锌涂层的耐腐蚀性明显增强，开路电位值更高、奈奎斯特图半圆更大、低频阻抗值更高（p <0.05）。掺锌涂层还显示出卓越的抗菌功效，降低了血链球菌的存活率，完全抑制了大肠杆菌的生长，并使生物膜生物量减少了 60% 以上，这可能与 7 天内锌的持续释放（∼6 μg/cm2）有关。生物活性的增强体现在更大的蛋白质吸附、羟基磷灰石形成的增加以及前成骨细胞新陈代谢和形态的改善。体内外分析证实，在从牛肋骨中插入和取出植入物的过程中，涂层具有机械稳定性，不会出现形态或化学损伤，植入物稳定性商数（ISQ）值也有所提高，这表明在骨质较差的情况下也能发挥作用。这些研究结果凸显了掺锌等离子电解氧化涂层在推动牙科和整形外科植入物技术发展方面的巨大潜力，它能提高使用寿命、抗菌防御能力和生物活性，从而优化临床效果。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.30%

发文量

4978

审稿时长

1.8 months

期刊介绍： ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces is a leading interdisciplinary journal that brings together chemists, engineers, physicists, and biologists to explore the development and utilization of newly-discovered materials and interfacial processes for specific applications. Our journal has experienced remarkable growth since its establishment in 2009, both in terms of the number of articles published and the impact of the research showcased. We are proud to foster a truly global community, with the majority of published articles originating from outside the United States, reflecting the rapid growth of applied research worldwide.