Piezoelectric enables Universality Enhancement of conventional water Treatment: Mechanisms, Effects, and challenges

Abstract

Industrial and socio-economic developments have led to increased pollutant discharge, exacerbating water pollution, scarcity, and health risks. Although conventional water treatment methods like advanced oxidation processes, photocatalysis, membrane filtration, and disinfection are effective, they face challenges such as high energy consumption, low efficiency, and secondary pollution. Piezoelectric water treatment presents a promising, sustainable alternative by converting mechanical and electrical energy to drive redox reactions and anti-fouling effects, enhancing both treatment efficiency and selectivity. Piezoelectric coupling improves photocatalysis and oxidation, reduces secondary pollutants, and mitigates membrane fouling, addressing the limitations of traditional methods. Additionally, piezoelectric fields facilitate catalyst regeneration and the generation of hydrogen (H₂) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), enabling resource recovery from wastewater. Despite its potential, the mechanisms and future development of piezoelectric water treatment remain insufficiently understood. This review explores the principles, advantages, and current research trends of piezoelectric coupling in water treatment, offering insights into the advancement of low-carbon, efficient technologies for addressing global water and energy challenges.