Low-power technologies for displays

Abstract

Displays have become ubiquitous in our daily lives, serving as a primary interface for information consumption across various devices. The rapid advancement of display technologies has led to significant improvements in size, resolution, refresh rates and luminance, particularly in mobile devices and emerging applications such as electric vehicles. However, these advancements have also resulted in increased power consumption, posing challenges for battery life and energy efficiency. Therefore, the demand for energy-efficient display solutions continues to increase. This Review explores the latest developments in low-power display technologies for energy-efficient solutions. Specifically, we discuss low-power technologies for high-resolution, high-video-quality displays. After discussing various low-power technologies in display panels and driving circuits, this Review overviews technologies to reduce the total power consumption in a display system. Finally, we highlight potential future research directions that could benefit the field moving forward. This Review highlights low-power display technologies for a display panel, display electronics and a system, respectively. In principle, static or dynamic power can be reduced through these technologies; however, the reduction is distinct from conventional low-power technologies owing to the unique electro-optical characteristics of displays and specific human visual perception.