Enhancing the properties and performance of ground nut shell biocomposites using compatibilizers and flame retardants

IF 3.8 4区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI:10.1002/vnl.22180

Vijaykumar Guna, Desmond Daniel Chin Vui Sheng, C. B. Mohan, Narendra Reddy

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Composites developed from inexpensive, renewable, sustainable, and abundant bioresources such as groundnut shells (GNS) do not have the adequate properties required for commercial applications. Hence, most of the biocomposites developed from agricultural wastes or biomass are not used for practical applications. In this study, we have demonstrated that the addition of compatibilizers and flame-resistant chemicals considerably enhances and makes the properties of GNS-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites suitable for commercial applications. One maleated polypropylene (MAPP) and two acrylic-based compatibilizers (ABC1 and ABC2) were chosen and added into the composites in different proportions (1% to 5%). Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was used to increase the flame retardancy of the composites. Ratio of reinforcement and matrix and composite forming conditions were also changed to achieve maximum benefits, and composites containing up to 80% GNS were developed. Tensile strength showed a good increase of 48%, whereas modulus showed a decrease of 35% with the addition of ABC2. However, the flexural strength and modulus of the composites increased with the addition of even 1% MAPP. The mechanical properties of the composites decreased when excess (5%) compatibilizer was used, probably due to agglomeration or an increase in incompatibility. Adding 3% of APP significantly improves both the flammability rating, LOI, and thermal properties. The highest flame resistance rating of V0 was obtained for both ratios, with the LOI increasing by about 40% and the conductivity decreasing marginally from 0.982 to 0.808 W/mK. Further, reduction in water absorption and hence increase in durability were also possible.

Highlights

GNS are major byproducts with limited use.
Composites made from GNS have poor mechanical and performance properties.
Addition of compatibilizers leads to substantial improvement in properties.
Excellent thermal and flame resistance is imparted by APP.
GNS composites are suitable for building, automotive, and other applications.

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来源期刊

Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

14.80%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology is a peer-reviewed technical publication for new work in the fields of polymer modifiers and additives, vinyl polymers and selected review papers. Over half of all papers in JVAT are based on technology of additives and modifiers for all classes of polymers: thermoset polymers and both condensation and addition thermoplastics. Papers on vinyl technology include PVC additives.