Effect of toughening agent and flame-retardant additives on the recycled polypropylene/oil palm empty fruit bunch laminated composites

IF 3.8 4区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI:10.1002/vnl.22171

Nur Ain Adila Abd Wahab, Mariatti Jaafar, Nor Hasima Che Hassan, Raúl García Sanz

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The increasing awareness of the environmental problems caused by the use of plastics has led to a demand for sustainable materials. The concept of turning waste into wealth has been considered in the study where the waste materials are value-added into new composite materials that are recyclable, durable, and fire-resistant. This effort aims to meet global environmental goals and the demand for high-performance and sustainable building materials. The purpose of this current study is to develop laminated composites based on the combination of recycled plastic and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). The addition of various loading of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and 6 wt% of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) in the formulation was considered to enhance the performance of the composite laminates. The rPP and additives were compounded using a two-roll mill. Then the rPP sheet and OPEFB were laminated using compression molding techniques. Results showed that rPP with addition of 30 wt% APP and 6 wt% EVA exhibited the highest thermal stability and the lowest melt flow index (MFI) value compared to other samples. Composites with 20 wt% APP and 6 wt% EVA showed 56% increase in flexural properties and 33% increase in impact strength compared to that of rPP/OPEFB composite sample without EVA. Addition of 30 wt% in recycled PP and OPEFB demonstrated self-extinguished properties when exposed to fire compared to other samples. These findings indicated that rPP/OPEFB laminated composites with the addition of APP and EVA have a potential to be used in applications that require good strength and fire performance. The use of rPP/OPEFB composites with addition of APP and EVA has a potential to reduce virgin plastic consumption and agriculture material waste and establishing an environmentally friendly material for construction sector.

Highlights

Additives included in recycled PP enhance its thermal stability and reduce MFI.
Recycled PP with OPEFB composite self-extinguished at 30 wt% APP.
The highest flexural strength is shown by composite laminates with 20 wt% APP and 6 wt% EVA.
rPP/OPEFB laminates are ideal for building materials.

Abstract Image

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增韧剂和阻燃剂对再生聚丙烯/油棕空果束复合材料的影响

人们越来越意识到塑料的使用引起的环境问题，这导致了对可持续材料的需求。研究中考虑了变废为宝的理念，将废旧材料增值为可回收、耐用、耐火的新型复合材料。这一努力旨在满足全球环境目标和对高性能和可持续建筑材料的需求。本研究的目的是开发基于再生塑料和油棕空果串（OPEFB）相结合的层压复合材料。在配方中加入不同负荷的聚磷酸铵（APP）和6 wt%的乙酸乙烯酯（EVA）可以提高复合层压板的性能。rPP和添加剂使用双辊轧机进行复配。然后采用压缩成型技术对rPP板材和OPEFB进行层压。结果表明，与其他样品相比，添加30 wt% APP和6 wt% EVA的rPP具有最高的热稳定性和最低的熔体流动指数（MFI）。与不含EVA的rPP/OPEFB复合材料样品相比，含20 wt% APP和6 wt% EVA的复合材料的弯曲性能提高56%，冲击强度提高33%。与其他样品相比，在再生PP和OPEFB中添加30%的重量%，暴露于火时显示出自熄特性。这些发现表明，添加APP和EVA的rPP/OPEFB层压复合材料有潜力用于需要良好强度和防火性能的应用。添加APP和EVA的rPP/OPEFB复合材料的使用有可能减少原始塑料的消耗和农业材料的浪费，并为建筑部门建立一种环保材料。在再生PP中添加的添加剂提高了它的热稳定性，降低了MFI。含OPEFB复合材料的再生PP在30 wt% APP时自行熄灭。含20 wt% APP和6 wt% EVA的复合层压板显示出最高的弯曲强度。rPP/OPEFB层压板是理想的建筑材料。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

14.80%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology is a peer-reviewed technical publication for new work in the fields of polymer modifiers and additives, vinyl polymers and selected review papers. Over half of all papers in JVAT are based on technology of additives and modifiers for all classes of polymers: thermoset polymers and both condensation and addition thermoplastics. Papers on vinyl technology include PVC additives.