Study on the distribution of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae in wild trout in South Tyrol – Italy

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI:10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101236

Martina Stella , Francesca Precazzini , Hannes Grund , Tobias Grossgasteiger , Astrid Bettini , Alexander Tavella , Stefano Colorio

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Abstract

Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is a myxozoan endoparasite responsible for Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD) among salmonids. The myxozoan life cycle and the manifestation of clinical signs of infection in fish are water temperature related. PKD is considered an emerging disease, as climate changes could increase the possibility of outbreaks. In South Tyrol (Italy), the protection of the environment and ecosystems is considered of primary importance. The population of fish is therefore routinely monitored to verify the health status of the local waterways. Based on this knowledge, a two-year study (2022−2023) was conducted by the Institute for Animal Disease Control of Bolzano, with the contribution of the Wildlife Management Office of Bolzano. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and the geographic distribution of T. bryosalmonae in trout from four of the main watercourses in South Tyrol: Isarco, Rienza and Adige rivers and the Passirio stream, with a particular focus on identifying clinical and subclinical forms of infection. A total of 143 trout was collected in 2022 (102 juveniles and 41 adults) and a total of 137 in 2023 (76 juveniles and 61 adults) in 30 different sites from the abovementioned watercourses and their adjacent irrigation ditches. All fish were subjected to anatomical inspections and kidney samples were processed to perform cytological, histological and molecular examinations. Results showed a positivity rate of T. bryosalmonae of 11 % within the sampled specimens, specifically affecting adult trout, and mainly distributed in a limited geographic area.

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意大利南蒂罗尔野生鳟鱼中四类苔藓鲑科分布的研究

Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae 是一种肌囊虫内寄生虫，是鲑鱼增生性肾病（PKD）的元凶。粘虫的生命周期和鱼类感染后的临床症状表现与水温有关。PKD 被认为是一种新出现的疾病，因为气候变化会增加疾病爆发的可能性。在南蒂罗尔（意大利），保护环境和生态系统被视为头等大事。因此，对鱼类数量进行例行监测，以核实当地水道的健康状况。基于这一认识，博尔扎诺动物疾病控制研究所在博尔扎诺野生动物管理办公室的协助下开展了一项为期两年（2022-2023 年）的研究。这项研究的目的是调查南蒂罗尔州四条主要河道中鳟鱼体内布氏鲑鱼病的流行情况和地理分布：伊萨尔科河（Isarco）、里恩扎河（Rienza）、阿迪杰河（Adige）和帕西里奥溪（Passirio）的鳟鱼，重点是确定临床和亚临床感染形式。2022 年在上述河道及其附近灌溉沟渠的 30 个不同地点共采集了 143 尾鳟鱼（102 尾幼鱼和 41 尾成鱼），2023 年采集了 137 尾鳟鱼（76 尾幼鱼和 61 尾成鱼）。对所有鱼类进行了解剖检查，并对肾脏样本进行了细胞学、组织学和分子学检查。结果显示，在采样标本中，T. bryosalmonae 的阳性率为 11%，主要影响成年鳟鱼，且主要分布在有限的地理区域。

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来源期刊

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports Multiple-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

7.10%

发文量

126

审稿时长

97 days

期刊介绍： Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports focuses on aspects of veterinary parasitology that are of regional concern, which is especially important in this era of climate change and the rapid and often unconstrained travel of people and animals. Relative to regions, this journal will accept papers of the highest quality dealing with all aspects of disease prevention, pathology, treatment, epidemiology, and control of parasites within the field of veterinary medicine. Also, case reports will be considered as they add to information related to local disease and its control; such papers must be concise and represent appropriate medical intervention. Papers on veterinary parasitology from wildlife species are acceptable, but only if they relate to the practice of veterinary medicine. Studies on vector-borne bacterial and viral agents are suitable, but only if the paper deals with vector transmission of these organisms to domesticated animals. Studies dealing with parasite control by means of natural products, both in vivo and in vitro, are more suited for one of the many journals that now specialize in papers of this type. However, due to the regional nature of much of this research, submissions may be considered based upon a case being made by the author(s) to the Editor. Circumstances relating to animal experimentation must meet the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals as issued by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (obtainable from: Executive Secretary C.I.O.M.S., c/o W.H.O., Via Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland).